﻿Li..] 
  TONIKAN-TOXKAWAX 
  FAMILIES. 
  125 
  

  

  Itara 
  Tucururu 
  ( 
  SE. 
  coast) 
  

  

  Machaua 
  (1688). 
  Ucita. 
  

  

  Napetuca. 
  Urriparaouxi. 
  

  

  Osile 
  (Oxille). 
  Yupalia 
  (perhaps 
  a 
  province). 
  

  

  San 
  Juan 
  de 
  Guacara 
  (1688). 
  

  

  TOXIKAN 
  FAMILY. 
  

  

  = 
  Tunicas, 
  Gallatin 
  in 
  Trans. 
  and 
  Coll. 
  Am. 
  Antiq.Soc.u, 
  115, 
  116, 
  1838 
  ((unites 
  Dr. 
  

   Sibley, 
  who 
  states 
  they 
  speak 
  a 
  distinct 
  language). 
  Latham, 
  Nat. 
  Hist. 
  Man. 
  

   341, 
  1850 
  (opposite 
  mouth 
  of 
  Red 
  River; 
  quotes 
  Dr. 
  Sibley 
  as 
  to 
  distinctness 
  of 
  

   language). 
  

  

  =Tonica, 
  Gatschet, 
  Creek 
  Mig. 
  Legend, 
  I. 
  39. 
  1884 
  (brief 
  account 
  of 
  tribe). 
  

  

  — 
  Tonika, 
  Gatschet 
  in 
  Science. 
  412, 
  April 
  29, 
  1887 
  (distinctness 
  as 
  a 
  family 
  as- 
  

   serted; 
  the 
  tribe 
  calls 
  itself 
  Tunijka). 
  

  

  Derivation: 
  From 
  the 
  Tonika 
  word 
  dni, 
  "man," 
  "people;" 
  t- 
  is 
  a 
  

   prefix 
  or 
  article; 
  -ka,-^ka 
  a 
  nominal 
  suffix. 
  

  

  The 
  distinctness 
  of 
  the 
  Tonika 
  language, 
  has 
  long 
  been 
  suspected, 
  

   and 
  was 
  indeed 
  distinctly 
  stated 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Sibley 
  in 
  1806.' 
  The 
  state- 
  

   ment 
  to 
  this 
  effect 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Sibley 
  was 
  quoted 
  by 
  Gallatin 
  in 
  1836, 
  but 
  

   as 
  the 
  latter 
  possessed 
  no 
  vocabulary 
  of 
  the 
  language 
  he 
  made 
  no 
  

   attempt 
  to 
  classify 
  it. 
  Latham 
  also 
  dismisses 
  the 
  language 
  with 
  the 
  

   same 
  quotation 
  from 
  Sibley. 
  Positive 
  linguistic 
  proof 
  of 
  the 
  posi- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  language 
  was 
  lacking 
  until 
  obtained 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Gatschet 
  in 
  

   L886, 
  who 
  declared 
  it 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  family 
  by 
  itself. 
  

  

  GEOGRAPHIC 
  DISTRIBUTION. 
  

  

  The 
  Tonika 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  have 
  occupied 
  three 
  localities: 
  First, 
  

   on 
  the 
  Lower 
  Yazoo 
  River 
  (1700); 
  second, 
  east 
  shore 
  of 
  Mississippi 
  

   River 
  (about 
  1704); 
  third, 
  in 
  Avoyelles 
  Parish, 
  Louisiana 
  (1817). 
  

   Near 
  Marksville, 
  the 
  county 
  seat 
  of 
  that 
  parish, 
  about 
  twenty-five 
  

   are 
  now 
  living. 
  

  

  TONKAWAN 
  FAMILY. 
  

  

  = 
  Tonkawa, 
  Gatschet, 
  Zwolf 
  Sprachen 
  aus 
  dem 
  Sudwesten 
  Nordamerikas. 
  76. 
  1*70 
  

   (vocabulary 
  of 
  about 
  300 
  words 
  and 
  some 
  sentences). 
  Gatschet. 
  Die 
  Sprache 
  der 
  

   Tonka 
  was. 
  in 
  Zeitschrift 
  fiir 
  Ethnologic 
  (54. 
  1877. 
  Gatschet 
  (1876), 
  in 
  Proc. 
  Am. 
  

   Philosoph. 
  Soc, 
  XVI, 
  318, 
  1877. 
  

  

  Derivation 
  : 
  the 
  full 
  form 
  is 
  the 
  Caddo 
  or 
  Wako 
  term 
  tonkaweya, 
  

   "they 
  all 
  stay 
  together" 
  (we"ya, 
  " 
  all"). 
  

  

  After 
  a 
  careful 
  examinatic 
  >n 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  linguistic 
  material 
  avail- 
  

   able 
  for 
  comparison, 
  Mr. 
  Gatschet 
  has 
  concluded 
  that 
  the 
  language 
  

   spoken 
  by 
  the 
  Tonkawa 
  forms 
  a 
  distinct 
  family. 
  

  

  1 
  Presidents 
  message, 
  February 
  19, 
  1806. 
  

  

  