﻿hoffman 
  I 
  SMOKE 
  CEREMONIALS. 
  153 
  

  

  In 
  connection 
  with 
  this, 
  reference 
  is 
  made 
  by 
  Marquette 
  to 
  a 
  cer- 
  

   tain 
  class 
  of 
  individuals 
  among 
  the 
  Illinois 
  and 
  Dakota, 
  who 
  were 
  

   compelled 
  to 
  wear 
  women's 
  clothes, 
  and 
  who 
  were 
  debarred 
  many 
  

   privileges, 
  but 
  were 
  permitted 
  to 
  "assist 
  at 
  all 
  the 
  Superstitions 
  of 
  

   their 
  Juglers, 
  and 
  their 
  solemn 
  Dances 
  in 
  honor 
  of 
  the 
  Calumet, 
  in 
  

   which 
  they 
  may 
  sing, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  lawful 
  for 
  them 
  to 
  dance. 
  They 
  

   are 
  call'd 
  to 
  their 
  Councils, 
  and 
  nothing 
  is 
  determin'd 
  without 
  their 
  

   Advice; 
  for, 
  because 
  of 
  their 
  extraordinary 
  way 
  of 
  Living, 
  they 
  arc 
  

   look'd 
  upon 
  as 
  Manitous, 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  for 
  great 
  and 
  incomparable 
  

   Genius's." 
  

  

  That 
  the 
  calumet 
  was 
  brought 
  into 
  requisition 
  upon 
  all 
  occasions 
  of 
  

   interest 
  is 
  learned 
  from 
  the 
  following 
  statement, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  same 
  

   writer 
  declares 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  "the 
  most 
  mysterious 
  thing 
  in 
  the 
  World. 
  

   The 
  Sceptres 
  of 
  our 
  Kings 
  are 
  not 
  so 
  much 
  respected; 
  for 
  the 
  Sav- 
  

   ages 
  have 
  such 
  a 
  Deference 
  for 
  this 
  Pipe, 
  that 
  one 
  may 
  call 
  it 
  The 
  

   God 
  of 
  Peace 
  and 
  War, 
  and 
  the 
  Arbiter 
  of 
  Life 
  and 
  Death. 
  Their 
  

   Calumet 
  of 
  Peace 
  is 
  different 
  from 
  the 
  Calumet 
  of 
  War; 
  They 
  make 
  

   use 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  to 
  seal 
  their 
  Alliances 
  and 
  Treaties, 
  to 
  travel 
  with 
  

   safety, 
  and 
  receive 
  Strangers; 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  is 
  to 
  proclaim 
  War." 
  

  

  This 
  reverence 
  for 
  the 
  calumet 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  manner 
  in 
  which 
  

   it 
  is 
  used 
  at 
  dances, 
  in 
  the 
  ceremony 
  of 
  smoking, 
  etc. 
  , 
  indicating 
  a 
  

   religious 
  devoutness 
  approaching 
  that 
  recently 
  observed 
  among 
  

   various 
  Algonkian 
  tribes 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  ceremonies 
  of 
  the 
  

   Mide'wiwin. 
  When 
  the 
  calumet 
  dance 
  was 
  held, 
  the 
  Illinois 
  

   appear 
  to 
  have 
  resorted 
  to 
  the 
  houses 
  in 
  the 
  winter 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  groves 
  

   in 
  the 
  summer. 
  The 
  above-named 
  authority 
  continues 
  in 
  this 
  con- 
  

   nection 
  : 
  

  

  They 
  chuse 
  for 
  that 
  purpose 
  a 
  set 
  Place 
  among 
  Trees, 
  to 
  shelter 
  themselves 
  

   against 
  the 
  Heat 
  of 
  the 
  Sun, 
  and 
  lay 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  a 
  large 
  Matt, 
  as 
  a 
  Carpet, 
  to 
  lay 
  

   upon 
  the 
  God 
  of 
  the 
  Chief 
  of 
  the 
  Company, 
  who 
  gave 
  the 
  Ball; 
  for 
  every 
  one 
  has 
  

   his 
  peculiar 
  God, 
  whom 
  they 
  call 
  Manitoa. 
  It 
  is 
  sometime 
  a 
  Stone, 
  a 
  Bird, 
  a 
  Ser- 
  

   pent, 
  or 
  anything 
  else 
  that 
  they 
  dream 
  of 
  in 
  their 
  Sleep; 
  for 
  they 
  think 
  this 
  Mani- 
  

   toa 
  will 
  prosper 
  their 
  Wants, 
  as 
  Fishing, 
  Hunting, 
  and 
  other 
  Enterprizes. 
  To 
  the 
  

   Right 
  of 
  their 
  Manitoa 
  they 
  place 
  the 
  Calu 
  met, 
  their 
  Great 
  Deity, 
  making 
  round 
  

   about 
  it 
  a 
  Kind 
  of 
  Trophy 
  with 
  their 
  Arms, 
  viz. 
  their 
  Clubs, 
  Axes. 
  Bows, 
  Quivers, 
  

   and 
  Arrows. 
  * 
  * 
  Every 
  Body 
  sits 
  down 
  afterwards, 
  round 
  about, 
  as 
  they 
  

  

  come, 
  having 
  first 
  of 
  all 
  saluted 
  the 
  Manitoa, 
  which 
  they 
  do 
  in 
  blowing 
  the 
  Smoak 
  

   of 
  their 
  Tobacco 
  upon 
  it, 
  which 
  is 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  offering 
  to 
  it 
  Frankincense. 
  * 
  * 
  * 
  

   This 
  Preludium 
  being 
  over, 
  he 
  who 
  is 
  to 
  begin 
  the 
  Dance 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   the 
  Assembly, 
  and 
  having 
  taken 
  the 
  Cain 
  met. 
  presents 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  Sun, 
  as 
  if 
  he 
  wou'd 
  

   invite 
  him 
  to 
  smoke. 
  Then 
  he 
  moves 
  it 
  into 
  an 
  infinite 
  Number 
  of 
  Postures 
  some- 
  

   times 
  laying 
  it 
  near 
  the 
  Ground, 
  then 
  stretching 
  its 
  Wings, 
  as 
  rf 
  he 
  woud 
  make 
  it 
  

   fly, 
  and 
  then 
  presents 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  Spectators, 
  who 
  smoke 
  with 
  it 
  one 
  after 
  another, 
  

   dancing 
  all 
  the 
  while. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  first 
  Scene 
  of 
  this 
  famous 
  Ball. 
  

  

  The 
  infinite 
  number 
  of 
  postures 
  assumed 
  in 
  offering 
  the 
  pipe 
  

   appear 
  as 
  significant 
  as 
  the 
  "smoke 
  ceremonies" 
  mentioned 
  in 
  con- 
  

   nection 
  with 
  the 
  preparatory 
  instruction 
  of 
  the 
  candidate 
  previous 
  

   to 
  his 
  initiation 
  into 
  the 
  Mide'wiwin. 
  

  

  