﻿bofvman.1 
  THE 
  MIDK'WIWIN 
  CROSS. 
  155 
  

  

  he 
  resolved 
  at 
  last 
  to 
  part 
  from 
  him. 
  He 
  retired 
  then 
  into 
  Heaven, 
  whence, 
  for 
  a 
  

   Mark 
  of 
  his 
  just 
  Resentment, 
  he 
  eausetli 
  at 
  several 
  times 
  his 
  Thunder 
  to 
  rore 
  over 
  

   the 
  Head 
  of 
  Ids 
  unfortunate 
  Brother. 
  

  

  Sometime 
  alter 
  the 
  .Spirit 
  descended 
  again 
  on 
  that 
  Woman, 
  and 
  she 
  conceived 
  a 
  

   Daughter, 
  from 
  whom 
  (as 
  the 
  Salvages 
  say) 
  were 
  propagated 
  these 
  numerous 
  Peo- 
  

   ple, 
  which 
  do 
  occupy 
  now 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Universe. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  the 
  narrator 
  has 
  sufficiently 
  distorted 
  the 
  tradi- 
  

   tions 
  to 
  make 
  them 
  conform, 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  practicable, 
  to 
  the 
  biblical 
  

   story 
  of 
  the 
  birth 
  of 
  Christ. 
  No 
  reference 
  whatever 
  is 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  

   Ojibwa 
  or 
  Menomoni 
  myths 
  to 
  the 
  conception 
  of 
  the 
  Daughter 
  of 
  

   Nokomis 
  (the 
  earth) 
  by 
  a 
  celestial 
  visitant, 
  but 
  the 
  reference 
  is 
  to 
  

   • 
  me 
  of 
  the 
  wind 
  gods. 
  Mi'nabo'zho 
  became 
  angered 
  with 
  the 
  Ki'tshi 
  

   Man'ido, 
  and 
  the 
  latter, 
  to 
  appease 
  his 
  discontent, 
  gave 
  to 
  Mi'nabo'zho 
  

   the 
  riteof 
  theMide'wiwin. 
  The 
  brother 
  of 
  Mi'nabo'zho 
  was 
  destroyed 
  

   by 
  the 
  malevolent 
  underground 
  spirits 
  and 
  now 
  rules 
  the 
  abode 
  of 
  

   shadows, 
  — 
  the 
  "Land 
  of 
  the 
  Midnight 
  Sun." 
  

  

  Upon 
  his 
  arrival 
  at 
  the 
  "Bay 
  of 
  Puans" 
  (Green 
  Bay, 
  Wisconsin), 
  

   Marquette 
  found 
  a 
  village 
  inhabited 
  by 
  three 
  nations, 
  viz: 
  "Miamis, 
  

   Maskouteus, 
  and 
  Kikabeux." 
  He 
  says: 
  

  

  When 
  I 
  arriv'd 
  there. 
  I 
  was 
  very 
  glad 
  to 
  see 
  a 
  great 
  Cross 
  set 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   the 
  Village, 
  adorn 
  VI 
  with 
  several 
  White 
  Skins, 
  Red 
  Girdles, 
  Bows 
  and 
  Arrows, 
  

   which 
  that 
  good 
  People 
  had 
  offer'd 
  to 
  the 
  Great 
  Manitou, 
  to 
  return 
  him 
  their 
  

   Thanks 
  for 
  the 
  care 
  he 
  had 
  taken 
  of 
  them 
  during 
  the 
  Winter, 
  and 
  that 
  he 
  had 
  

   granted 
  them 
  a 
  prosperous 
  Hunting. 
  Manitou, 
  is 
  the 
  Name 
  they 
  give 
  in 
  general 
  

   to 
  all 
  Spirits 
  whom 
  they 
  think 
  to 
  he 
  above 
  the 
  Nature 
  of 
  Man. 
  

  

  Marquette 
  was 
  without 
  doubt 
  ignorant 
  of 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  cross 
  

   is 
  the 
  sacred 
  post, 
  and 
  the 
  symbol 
  of 
  the 
  fourth 
  degree 
  of 
  the 
  Mide'- 
  

   wiwin, 
  as 
  will 
  be 
  fully 
  explained 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  that 
  grade 
  of 
  

   the 
  society. 
  The 
  erroneous 
  conclusion 
  that 
  the 
  cross 
  was 
  erected 
  as 
  

   an 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  adoption 
  of 
  Christianity, 
  and 
  possibly 
  as 
  a 
  com- 
  

   pliment 
  to 
  the 
  visitor, 
  was 
  a 
  natural 
  one 
  on 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  jn-iest, 
  

   but 
  this 
  same 
  symbol 
  of 
  the 
  Mide' 
  Society 
  had 
  probably 
  been 
  erected 
  

   and 
  bedecked 
  with 
  barbaric 
  emblems 
  and 
  weapons 
  months 
  before 
  

   anything 
  was 
  known 
  of 
  him. 
  

  

  The 
  result 
  of 
  personal 
  investigations 
  among 
  the 
  Ojibwa, 
  conducted 
  

   during 
  the 
  years 
  1887, 
  1888 
  and 
  1880, 
  are 
  presented 
  in 
  the 
  accom- 
  

   panying 
  paper. 
  The 
  information 
  was 
  obtained 
  from 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  

   the 
  chief 
  Mide' 
  priests 
  living 
  at 
  Red 
  Lake 
  and 
  White 
  Earth 
  reserva- 
  

   tions, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  from 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  society 
  from 
  other 
  reserva- 
  

   tions, 
  who 
  visited 
  the 
  last 
  named 
  locality 
  during 
  (ho 
  three 
  years. 
  

   Special 
  mention 
  of 
  the 
  peculiarity 
  of 
  the 
  music 
  recorded 
  will 
  he 
  

   made 
  at 
  the 
  proper 
  place; 
  and 
  it 
  may 
  here 
  besaid 
  that 
  in 
  no 
  instance 
  

   was 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  colors 
  detected, 
  in 
  any 
  birch-bark 
  or 
  other 
  records 
  or 
  

   mnemonic 
  songs, 
  simply 
  to 
  heighten 
  the 
  artistic 
  effect; 
  though 
  the 
  

   loader 
  would 
  be 
  led 
  by 
  an 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  works 
  of 
  Schoolcraft 
  

   to 
  believe 
  this 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  common 
  practice. 
  Col. 
  Garrick 
  Mallery, 
  

   U. 
  S. 
  Army, 
  in 
  a 
  paper 
  read 
  before 
  the 
  Anthropological 
  Society 
  of 
  

  

  