﻿H0FT5IAN.] 
  

  

  NOTES 
  ON 
  INITIATION 
  CEREMONIES. 
  

  

  223 
  

  

  etc. 
  In 
  the 
  latter 
  method 
  of 
  drawing 
  the 
  outline 
  upon 
  the 
  sand 
  or 
  

   upon 
  ashes, 
  the 
  result 
  is 
  made 
  known 
  with 
  such 
  directions 
  as 
  maybe 
  

   deemed 
  necessary 
  to 
  insure 
  success. 
  

  

  For 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  gaining 
  instruction 
  and 
  success 
  in 
  the 
  disposi- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  his 
  alleged 
  medicines, 
  the 
  Mide' 
  familiarizes 
  himself 
  with 
  the 
  

   topography 
  and 
  characteristics 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  extending 
  over 
  a 
  wide 
  

   area, 
  to 
  ascertain 
  the 
  best 
  feeding 
  grounds 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  animals 
  and 
  

   their 
  haunts 
  at 
  various 
  seasons. 
  He 
  keeps 
  himself 
  informed 
  by 
  also 
  

   skillfully 
  conducting 
  inquiries 
  of 
  returning 
  hunters, 
  and 
  thus 
  be- 
  

   comes 
  possessed 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  valuable 
  information 
  respect- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  natural 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  surrounding 
  country, 
  by 
  which 
  means 
  

   he 
  can, 
  with 
  a 
  tolerable 
  amount 
  of 
  certainty, 
  direct 
  a 
  hunter 
  to 
  the 
  

   best 
  localities 
  for 
  such 
  varieties 
  of 
  game 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  particularly 
  de- 
  

   sired 
  by 
  him. 
  

  

  In 
  his 
  incantations 
  a 
  Wabeno' 
  uses 
  a 
  drum 
  resembling 
  a 
  tambour- 
  

   ine. 
  A 
  hoop 
  made 
  of 
  ash 
  wood 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  rawhide, 
  

   tightly 
  stretched 
  while 
  wet. 
  Upon 
  the 
  upper 
  surface 
  is 
  painted 
  a 
  

   mythic 
  figure, 
  usually 
  that 
  of 
  his 
  tutelaly 
  daimon. 
  An 
  example 
  

   of 
  this 
  kind 
  is 
  from 
  Red 
  Lake, 
  Minnesota, 
  presented 
  in 
  Fig. 
  22. 
  The 
  

   human 
  figure 
  is 
  painted 
  red, 
  while 
  the 
  outline 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  black, 
  

   as 
  are 
  also 
  the 
  waving 
  lines 
  extending 
  

   from 
  the 
  head. 
  These 
  lines 
  denote 
  

   superior 
  power. 
  "When 
  drumming 
  

   upon 
  this 
  figure, 
  the 
  Wabeno' 
  chants 
  

   and 
  is 
  thus 
  more 
  easily 
  enabled 
  to 
  in- 
  

   voke 
  the 
  assistance 
  of 
  his 
  man'ido. 
  

  

  Women, 
  as 
  before 
  remarked, 
  may 
  

   take 
  the 
  degrees 
  of 
  the 
  Mide'wiwin, 
  

   but, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  could 
  be 
  ascertained, 
  

   their 
  professions 
  pertain 
  chiefly 
  to 
  

   the 
  treatment 
  of 
  women 
  and 
  children 
  

   and 
  to 
  tattooing 
  for 
  the 
  cure 
  of 
  head- 
  

   ache 
  and 
  chronic 
  neuralgia. 
  

  

  Tattooing 
  is 
  accomplished 
  by 
  the 
  

   use 
  of 
  finely 
  powdered 
  charcoal, 
  soot 
  or 
  gunpowder, 
  the 
  pricking 
  

   instrument 
  being 
  made 
  by 
  tying 
  together 
  a 
  small 
  number 
  of 
  needles; 
  

   though 
  formerly, 
  it 
  is 
  said, 
  .fish 
  spines 
  or 
  sharp 
  splinters 
  of 
  bone 
  were 
  

   used 
  for 
  the 
  purpose. 
  The 
  marks 
  consist 
  of 
  round 
  spots 
  of 
  one-half 
  

   to 
  three-fourths 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter 
  immediately 
  over 
  the 
  afflicted 
  

   part, 
  the 
  intention 
  being 
  to 
  drive 
  out 
  the 
  demon. 
  Such 
  spots 
  are 
  

   usually 
  found 
  upon 
  the 
  temples, 
  though 
  an 
  occasional 
  one 
  may 
  be 
  

   found 
  on 
  the 
  forehead 
  or 
  over 
  the 
  nasal 
  eminence. 
  

  

  When 
  the 
  pain 
  extends 
  over 
  considerable 
  space 
  the 
  tattoo 
  marks 
  

   are 
  smaller, 
  and 
  are 
  arranged 
  in 
  rows 
  or 
  continuous 
  lines. 
  Such 
  

   marks 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  upon 
  some 
  individuals 
  to 
  run 
  outward 
  over 
  

   either 
  or 
  both 
  cheeks 
  from 
  the 
  alas 
  of 
  the 
  nose 
  to 
  a 
  point 
  near 
  the 
  

  

  Fig. 
  82, 
  Wabeno' 
  drum. 
  

  

  