﻿NOTES 
  ON 
  INITIATION 
  CEREMONIES. 
  251 
  

  

  Osh-ko"sh-na-na 
  pi-na'-wa 
  ni"-bosh 
  -i-na'-na. 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  bear's 
  claws 
  I 
  almost 
  hit 
  him. 
  

  

  [The 
  Mide' 
  used 
  the 
  bear's 
  claw 
  to 
  work 
  a 
  charm, 
  or 
  

   exorcism, 
  and 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  indicate 
  that 
  he 
  claimed 
  the 
  

   powers 
  of 
  a 
  Wabeno. 
  The 
  one 
  spoken 
  of 
  is 
  an 
  evil 
  man 
  i 
  do, 
  

   nl 
  erred 
  to 
  in 
  the 
  preceding 
  line, 
  in 
  which 
  he 
  speaks 
  of 
  hav- 
  

   ing 
  heard 
  him.] 
  

  

  At 
  thebonclusion 
  of 
  this 
  protracted 
  ceremony 
  a 
  few 
  speeches 
  may 
  

   be 
  made 
  by 
  a 
  Mide', 
  recounting 
  the 
  benefits 
  to 
  be 
  enjoyed 
  and 
  the 
  

   powers 
  wielded 
  by 
  the 
  knowledge 
  thus 
  acquired, 
  after 
  which 
  the 
  

   chief 
  priest 
  intimates 
  to 
  his 
  colleagues 
  the 
  advisability 
  of 
  adjourning. 
  

   They 
  then 
  leave 
  the 
  Mide'wigan 
  by 
  the 
  western 
  door, 
  and 
  before 
  

   night 
  all 
  movable 
  accessories 
  are 
  taken 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  structure. 
  

  

  The 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  evening 
  is 
  spent 
  in 
  visiting 
  friends, 
  dancing, 
  

   etc., 
  and 
  upon 
  the 
  following 
  day 
  they 
  all 
  return 
  to 
  their 
  respective 
  

   homes. 
  

  

  DESCRIPTIVE 
  NOTES. 
  

  

  Although 
  the 
  mi'gis 
  shell 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  degrees 
  is 
  generally 
  of 
  the 
  

   same 
  species, 
  some 
  *of 
  the 
  older 
  Mide' 
  priests 
  claim 
  that 
  there 
  were 
  

   formerly 
  specific 
  shells, 
  each 
  being 
  characteristic 
  and 
  pertaining 
  

   specially 
  to 
  each 
  individual 
  grade. 
  The 
  objects 
  claimed 
  by 
  Sika's- 
  

   sigS 
  as 
  referring 
  to 
  the 
  third 
  degree 
  are, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  Cyprsea 
  

   monata, 
  L. 
  , 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  purple 
  wampum, 
  and 
  one 
  shell 
  of 
  elongated 
  

   form, 
  both 
  shown 
  on 
  PL 
  xi, 
  Nos. 
  3 
  and 
  5, 
  respectively. 
  

  

  The 
  fact 
  of 
  a 
  Mide' 
  having 
  been 
  subjected 
  to 
  "mi'gis 
  shooting" 
  

   for 
  the 
  third 
  time 
  is 
  an 
  all-sufficient 
  reason 
  to 
  the 
  Indian 
  why 
  his 
  

   powers 
  are 
  in 
  a 
  corresponding 
  manner 
  augmented. 
  His 
  powers 
  of 
  

   exorcism 
  and 
  incantation 
  are 
  greater 
  ; 
  his 
  knowledge 
  and 
  use 
  of 
  

   magic 
  medicines 
  more 
  extended 
  and 
  certain 
  of 
  effect; 
  and 
  his 
  ability 
  

   to 
  do 
  harm, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  capacity 
  of 
  a 
  Wabeno', 
  is 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  lauded 
  

   and 
  feared. 
  He 
  becomes 
  possessed 
  of 
  a 
  greater 
  power 
  in 
  prophecy 
  

   and 
  prevision, 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  state 
  enters 
  the 
  class 
  of 
  personages 
  known 
  

   as 
  the 
  Jgs'sakkld 
  , 
  or 
  jugglers. 
  His 
  power 
  over 
  darkness 
  and 
  ob- 
  

   scurity 
  is 
  indicated 
  on 
  PL 
  in, 
  A, 
  No. 
  77, 
  upon 
  which 
  the 
  head, 
  

   chest, 
  and 
  arms 
  are 
  represented 
  as 
  being 
  covered 
  with 
  lines 
  to 
  desig- 
  

   nate 
  obscurity, 
  the 
  extended 
  arms 
  with 
  outstretched 
  hands 
  denoting 
  

   ability 
  to 
  grasp 
  and 
  control 
  that 
  which 
  is 
  hidden 
  to 
  the 
  eye. 
  

  

  The 
  Jgs'sakkld' 
  and 
  his 
  manner 
  of 
  performing 
  have 
  already 
  been 
  

   mentioned. 
  This 
  class 
  of 
  sorcerers 
  were 
  met 
  with 
  by 
  the 
  Jesuit 
  

   Fathers 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  seventeenth 
  century, 
  and 
  referred 
  to 
  under 
  

   various 
  designations, 
  such 
  as 
  jongleur, 
  magicien, 
  consulteur 
  du 
  

   manitou, 
  etc. 
  Their 
  influence 
  in 
  the 
  tribe 
  was 
  recognized, 
  and 
  

   i 
  < 
  nined 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  obstacles 
  encountered 
  in 
  the 
  Christianiza- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  Indians. 
  Although 
  the 
  Jgs'sakkld' 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  seer 
  and 
  

   prophet 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  a 
  practitioner 
  of 
  exorcism 
  without 
  becoming 
  a 
  

  

  