﻿HOFFMAN.] 
  INDIAN 
  SONGS. 
  289 
  

  

  something 
  of 
  European 
  origin, 
  as 
  exemplified 
  in 
  the 
  specimen 
  illus- 
  

   trated 
  on 
  PI. 
  xxi, 
  Nos. 
  1 
  and 
  2, 
  showing 
  both 
  the 
  obverse 
  and 
  re- 
  

   verse. 
  The 
  specimen 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  ash 
  wood 
  and 
  measures 
  about 
  ten 
  

   inches 
  in 
  length. 
  On 
  the 
  obverse 
  side, 
  besides 
  the 
  figures 
  of 
  man- 
  

   idos, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  Thunder 
  bird, 
  the 
  serpent, 
  and 
  the 
  tortoise, 
  there 
  is 
  

   the 
  outline 
  of 
  the 
  sun, 
  spots 
  copied 
  from 
  playing 
  cards, 
  etc.; 
  upon 
  

   the 
  reverse 
  appear 
  two 
  spread 
  hands, 
  a 
  bird, 
  and 
  a 
  building, 
  from 
  

   the 
  top 
  of 
  which 
  floats 
  the 
  American 
  flag. 
  This 
  specimen 
  was 
  found 
  

   among 
  the 
  effects 
  of 
  a 
  Mide' 
  who 
  died 
  at 
  Leecli 
  Lake, 
  Minnesota, 
  a 
  

   few 
  years 
  ago, 
  together 
  with 
  effigies 
  and 
  other 
  relies 
  already 
  men- 
  

   tioned 
  in 
  another 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  paper. 
  

  

  MUSIC. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  examples 
  of 
  Indian 
  music 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  given, 
  

   especially 
  the 
  songs 
  of 
  shamans, 
  it 
  maybe 
  of 
  interest 
  to 
  add 
  a 
  few 
  

   remarks 
  concerning 
  the 
  several 
  varieties 
  of 
  songs 
  or 
  chants. 
  Songs 
  

   employed 
  as 
  an 
  accompaniment 
  to 
  dances 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  almost 
  all 
  

   the 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  tribe, 
  so 
  that 
  their 
  rendition 
  is 
  nearly 
  always 
  

   flie 
  same. 
  Such 
  songs 
  are 
  not 
  used 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  mnemonic 
  

   characters, 
  as 
  there 
  are. 
  in 
  most 
  instances, 
  no 
  words 
  or 
  phrases 
  recited, 
  

   but 
  simply 
  a 
  continued 
  repetition 
  of 
  meaningless 
  words 
  or 
  syllables. 
  

   The 
  notes 
  are 
  thus 
  rhythmically 
  accentuated, 
  often 
  accompanied 
  by 
  

   beats 
  upon 
  the 
  drum 
  and 
  the 
  steps 
  of 
  the 
  dancers. 
  

  

  An 
  example 
  of 
  another 
  variety 
  of 
  songs, 
  or 
  rather 
  chants, 
  is 
  pre- 
  

   sented 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  reception 
  of 
  the 
  candidate 
  by 
  the 
  Mide' 
  

   priest 
  upon 
  his 
  entrance 
  into 
  the 
  Mide'wigan 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  degree. 
  In 
  

   this 
  instance 
  words 
  are 
  chanted, 
  but 
  the 
  musical 
  rendition 
  differs 
  with 
  

   the 
  individual, 
  each 
  Mide' 
  chanting 
  notes 
  of 
  his 
  own. 
  according 
  to 
  

   his 
  choice 
  or 
  musical 
  ability. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  set 
  formula, 
  and 
  such 
  

   songs, 
  even 
  if 
  taught 
  to 
  others, 
  are 
  soon 
  distorted 
  by 
  being 
  sung 
  

   according 
  to 
  the 
  taste 
  or 
  ability 
  of 
  the 
  singer. 
  The 
  musical 
  render- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  the 
  words 
  and 
  phrases 
  relating 
  to 
  the 
  signification 
  of 
  mnemonic 
  

   characters 
  depends 
  upon 
  the 
  ability 
  and 
  inspired 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  

   singer; 
  and 
  as 
  each 
  Mide 
  priest 
  usually 
  invents 
  and 
  prepares 
  his 
  

   own 
  songs, 
  whether 
  for 
  ceremonial 
  purposes, 
  medicine 
  hunting, 
  

   exorcism, 
  or 
  any 
  other 
  use, 
  he 
  may 
  frequently 
  be 
  unable 
  to 
  sing 
  them 
  

   twice 
  in 
  exactly 
  the 
  same 
  manner. 
  Love 
  songs 
  and 
  war 
  songs, 
  being 
  

   of 
  general 
  use, 
  are 
  always 
  sung 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  style 
  of 
  notation. 
  

  

  The 
  emotions 
  are 
  fully 
  expressed 
  in 
  the 
  musical 
  rendering 
  of 
  the 
  

   several 
  classes 
  of 
  songs, 
  which 
  are, 
  with 
  few 
  exceptions, 
  in 
  a 
  minor 
  

   key. 
  Dancing 
  and 
  war 
  songs 
  are 
  always 
  in 
  quick 
  time, 
  the 
  latter 
  

   frequently 
  becoming 
  extraordinarily 
  animated 
  and 
  boisterous 
  as 
  the 
  

   participants 
  become 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  excited. 
  

  

  Mide' 
  and 
  other 
  like 
  songs 
  are 
  always 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  monotonous, 
  

   though 
  they 
  are 
  sometimes 
  rather 
  impressive, 
  especially 
  if 
  delivered 
  

   7 
  eth 
  19 
  

  

  