﻿moonev.] 
  LANGUAGE 
  OF 
  THE 
  FORMULAS. 
  343 
  

  

  remarkable 
  that 
  red 
  was 
  the 
  emblem 
  of 
  power 
  and 
  triumph 
  among 
  

   the 
  ancient 
  Oriental 
  nations 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  among 
  the 
  modern 
  Cher- 
  

   okees. 
  ' 
  

  

  IMPORTANCE 
  ATTACHED 
  TO 
  NAMES. 
  

  

  In 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  formulas, 
  especially 
  those 
  relating 
  to 
  love 
  and 
  to 
  

   life-destroying, 
  the 
  shaman 
  mentions 
  the 
  name 
  and 
  clan 
  of 
  his 
  client, 
  

   of 
  the 
  intended 
  victim, 
  or 
  of 
  the 
  girl 
  whose 
  affections 
  it 
  is 
  desired 
  to 
  

   win. 
  The 
  Indian 
  regards 
  his 
  name, 
  not 
  as 
  a 
  mere 
  label, 
  but 
  as 
  a 
  

   distinct 
  part 
  of 
  his 
  personality, 
  just 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  are 
  his 
  eyes 
  or 
  his 
  

   teeth, 
  and 
  believes 
  that 
  injury 
  will 
  result 
  as 
  surely 
  from 
  the 
  mali- 
  

   cious 
  handling 
  of 
  his 
  name 
  as 
  from 
  a 
  wound 
  inflicted 
  ou 
  any 
  part 
  of 
  

   his 
  physical 
  organism. 
  This 
  belief 
  was 
  found 
  among 
  the 
  various 
  

   tribes 
  from 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific, 
  and 
  has 
  occasioned 
  a 
  number 
  

   ^s 
  of 
  curious 
  regulations 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  concealment 
  and 
  change 
  of 
  

  

  names. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  on 
  this 
  account 
  that 
  both 
  Powhatan 
  and 
  Poca- 
  

   hontas 
  are 
  known 
  iu 
  history 
  under 
  assumed 
  appellations, 
  their 
  true 
  

   SD 
  names 
  having 
  been 
  concealed 
  from 
  the 
  whites 
  until 
  the 
  pseudonyms 
  

  

  were 
  too 
  firmly 
  established 
  to 
  be 
  supplanted. 
  Should 
  his 
  prayers 
  

  

  __ 
  | 
  have 
  no 
  apparent 
  effect 
  when 
  treating 
  a 
  patient 
  for 
  some 
  serious 
  ill- 
  

  

  ness, 
  the 
  shaman 
  sometimes 
  concludes 
  that 
  the 
  name 
  is 
  affected, 
  and 
  

   accordingly 
  goes 
  to 
  water, 
  with 
  appropriate 
  ceremonies, 
  and 
  chris- 
  

  

  j^ 
  tens 
  the 
  patient 
  with 
  a 
  new 
  name, 
  by 
  which 
  he 
  is 
  henceforth 
  to 
  be 
  

  

  known. 
  He 
  then 
  begins 
  afresh, 
  repeating 
  the 
  formulas 
  with 
  the 
  

   new 
  name 
  selected 
  for 
  the 
  patient, 
  in 
  the 
  confident 
  hope 
  that 
  his 
  

  

  ^O 
  efforts 
  will 
  be 
  crowned 
  with 
  success. 
  

  

  S 
  LANGUAGE 
  OF 
  THE 
  FORMULAS. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  words 
  remain 
  to 
  be 
  said 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  language 
  of 
  the 
  

   formulas. 
  They 
  are 
  full 
  of 
  archaic 
  and 
  figurative 
  expressions, 
  many 
  

   of 
  which 
  are 
  unintelligible 
  to 
  the 
  common 
  people, 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  

   even 
  the 
  shamans 
  themselves 
  are 
  now 
  unable 
  to 
  explain. 
  These 
  

   archaic 
  forms, 
  like 
  the 
  old 
  words 
  used 
  by 
  our 
  poets, 
  lend 
  a 
  peculiar 
  

   beauty 
  which 
  can 
  hardly 
  be 
  rendered 
  in 
  a 
  translation. 
  They 
  fre- 
  

   quently 
  throw 
  light 
  on 
  the 
  dialectic 
  evolution 
  of 
  the 
  language, 
  as 
  

   many 
  words 
  found 
  now 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  nearly 
  extinct 
  Lower 
  Cherokee 
  

   dialect 
  occur 
  in 
  formulas 
  which 
  in 
  other 
  respects 
  are 
  written 
  in 
  the 
  

   Middle 
  or 
  Upper 
  dialect. 
  The 
  R 
  sound, 
  the 
  chief 
  distinguishing 
  

   characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  Lower 
  dialect, 
  of 
  course 
  does 
  not 
  occur, 
  as 
  

   there 
  are 
  no 
  means 
  of 
  indicating 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  Cherokee 
  syllabary. 
  Those 
  

   who 
  are 
  accustomed 
  to 
  look 
  to 
  the 
  Bible 
  for 
  all 
  beauty 
  in 
  sacred 
  

  

  1 
  For 
  more 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  color 
  symbolism, 
  see 
  Mallery's 
  Pictographs 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  

   American 
  Indians 
  in 
  Fourth 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Ethnology, 
  pp. 
  53-57, 
  Wash- 
  

   ington, 
  18*6; 
  Gatschet's 
  Creek 
  Migration 
  Legend, 
  vol. 
  3. 
  pp. 
  31-41, 
  St. 
  Louis, 
  1888; 
  

   Brinton's 
  Kiche 
  Myths 
  in 
  Proceedings 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  Philosophical 
  Society, 
  vol. 
  

   19, 
  pp. 
  646-G17, 
  Philadelphia, 
  1882. 
  

  

  