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  51 
  

  

  Recent 
  History-, 
  Personal 
  Names 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  list 
  of 
  Ponca 
  names 
  was 
  taken 
  in 
  November, 
  1874, 
  

   while 
  the 
  entire 
  tribe 
  was 
  living 
  on 
  the 
  Niobrara 
  river. 
  a 
  

  

  The 
  total 
  population 
  of 
  the 
  tribe 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  was 
  733, 
  divided 
  as 
  

   follows 
  : 
  b 
  

  

  Full 
  bloods. 
  Mixed 
  bloods. 
  Full 
  bloods. 
  Mixed 
  bloods. 
  

  

  Men 
  172 
  32 
  Girls 
  129 
  45 
  

  

  Women 
  164 
  21 
  Families 
  185 
  32 
  

  

  Boys 
  135 
  35 
  

  

  The 
  people 
  dwelt 
  hi 
  three 
  villages. 
  The 
  village 
  at 
  the 
  United 
  

   States 
  agency 
  contained 
  89 
  families 
  and 
  377 
  persons. 
  The 
  village 
  

   called 
  Hubtho"' 
  ("those 
  who 
  smell 
  of 
  fish") 
  had 
  46 
  families 
  and 
  144 
  

   persons. 
  "Point" 
  village 
  had 
  82 
  families 
  and 
  248 
  persons. 
  

  

  There 
  were 
  eight 
  chiefs, 
  each 
  of 
  whom 
  had 
  his 
  "band." 
  These 
  

   bands 
  were 
  probably 
  composed 
  of 
  persons 
  from 
  the 
  gens 
  or 
  subgens 
  

   to 
  which 
  the 
  chief 
  belonged. 
  

  

  Families. 
  Persons. 
  

  

  White 
  Eagle's 
  band 
  (Waca'be, 
  Hi'cada 
  subgens) 
  26 
  89 
  

  

  Big 
  Soldier's 
  band 
  (Waca'be, 
  Hi'cada 
  subgens) 
  31 
  97 
  

  

  Traveling 
  Buffalo's 
  band 
  (Thi'xida) 
  23 
  72 
  

  

  Black 
  Crow's 
  band 
  (Ni'kapashna) 
  28 
  90 
  

  

  Over 
  the 
  Land's 
  band 
  (Po 
  D 
  'caxti 
  and 
  Mo"ko"'j 
  21 
  73 
  

  

  Woodpecker's 
  band 
  (Washa'be) 
  27 
  75 
  

  

  Standing 
  Bear's 
  band 
  (Wazha'zhe) 
  20 
  82 
  

  

  Big-hoofed 
  Buffalo's 
  band 
  (Nu'xe) 
  9 
  22 
  

  

  a 
  In 
  1858 
  the 
  Ponca 
  ceded 
  their 
  hunting 
  grounds 
  to 
  the. 
  United 
  States, 
  and 
  reserved 
  for 
  their 
  home 
  the 
  

   tend 
  about 
  their 
  old 
  village 
  sites 
  on 
  the 
  Niobrara 
  river 
  They 
  were 
  never 
  at 
  war 
  with 
  the 
  Government 
  or 
  

   the 
  white 
  race. 
  Their 
  reservation 
  was 
  reconfirmed 
  to 
  them 
  by 
  the 
  Government 
  in 
  1865. 
  In 
  18CS 
  a 
  large 
  

   reservation 
  was 
  granted 
  to 
  the 
  Sioux, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  Ponca 
  reservation 
  on 
  the 
  Niobrara 
  was 
  included. 
  

   The 
  Ponca 
  tribe 
  was 
  ignorant 
  of 
  this 
  official 
  transfer 
  of 
  its 
  land. 
  In 
  1S77 
  the 
  Ponca, 
  without 
  any 
  warning, 
  

   were 
  informed 
  they 
  must 
  move 
  to 
  the 
  Indian 
  Territory, 
  and 
  the 
  eight 
  chiefs 
  were 
  conducted 
  there 
  

   by 
  an 
  official 
  and 
  told 
  to 
  select 
  a 
  new 
  reservation 
  The 
  reason 
  for 
  leaving 
  their 
  old 
  home 
  was 
  not 
  explained 
  

   to 
  the 
  protesting 
  chiefs 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  people. 
  The 
  chiefs 
  who 
  went 
  with 
  the 
  official 
  refused 
  to 
  select 
  a 
  home 
  in 
  

   " 
  the 
  strange 
  land." 
  They 
  begged 
  to 
  be 
  allowed 
  to 
  go 
  back. 
  Being 
  refused, 
  they 
  left 
  the 
  official, 
  and, 
  in 
  

   the 
  winter, 
  with 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  dollars 
  and 
  a 
  blanket 
  each, 
  started 
  home, 
  walking 
  500 
  miles 
  in 
  forty 
  days. 
  When 
  

   they 
  reached 
  the 
  Niobrara 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  Indian 
  agent 
  summoned 
  the 
  military 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  lstof 
  May 
  

   the 
  entire 
  tribe 
  was 
  forcibly 
  removed 
  to 
  the 
  Indian 
  Territory. 
  The 
  change 
  from 
  a 
  cool 
  climate 
  to 
  a 
  warm 
  

   and 
  humid 
  one 
  caused 
  suffering. 
  Within 
  a 
  year 
  one-third 
  of 
  the 
  people 
  were 
  dead 
  and 
  nearly 
  all 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   vivors 
  were 
  sick 
  or 
  disabled. 
  A 
  son 
  of 
  Chief 
  Standing 
  Bear 
  (pi. 
  5) 
  died. 
  The 
  father 
  could 
  not 
  bury 
  him 
  

   away 
  from 
  his 
  ancestors, 
  so 
  taking 
  the 
  bones, 
  he 
  and 
  his 
  immediate 
  following 
  turned 
  from 
  "the 
  hot 
  

   country," 
  and 
  in 
  January, 
  1879, 
  started 
  to 
  walk 
  back 
  They 
  reached 
  the 
  Omaha 
  reservation 
  in 
  May, 
  

   destitute, 
  and 
  asked 
  the 
  loan 
  of 
  land 
  and 
  seed, 
  which 
  was 
  granted. 
  As 
  they 
  were 
  about 
  to 
  put 
  in 
  a 
  crop, 
  

   soldiers 
  appeared 
  with 
  orders 
  to 
  arrest 
  Standing 
  Bear 
  and 
  his 
  party 
  and 
  take 
  them 
  back. 
  They 
  were 
  

   obliged 
  to 
  obey. 
  On 
  their 
  way 
  south 
  they 
  camped 
  near 
  Omaha 
  city. 
  Their 
  story 
  was 
  made 
  known, 
  the 
  

   citizens 
  became 
  interested, 
  lawyers 
  offered 
  help, 
  and 
  a 
  writ 
  of 
  habeas 
  corpus 
  was 
  secured. 
  The 
  United 
  

   States 
  denied 
  the 
  prisoners' 
  right 
  to 
  sue 
  out 
  a 
  writ, 
  because 
  "an 
  Indian 
  was 
  not 
  a 
  person 
  within 
  themean- 
  

   ingof 
  the 
  law." 
  The 
  case 
  came 
  before 
  Judge 
  Dundy, 
  who 
  decided 
  that 
  "An 
  Indian 
  is 
  a 
  person 
  within 
  the 
  

   meaning 
  of 
  the 
  law," 
  and 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  authority 
  under 
  the 
  laws 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  forcibly 
  to 
  

   remove 
  the 
  prisoners 
  to 
  the 
  Indian 
  Territory, 
  and 
  ordered 
  their 
  release. 
  In 
  the 
  winter 
  Standing 
  Beai 
  vis- 
  

   ited 
  the 
  principal 
  cities 
  of 
  the 
  East, 
  repeating 
  the 
  story 
  of 
  his 
  people. 
  The 
  United 
  States 
  Senate 
  ordered 
  

   an 
  investigation 
  of 
  the 
  Ponca 
  removal, 
  when 
  ail 
  the 
  facts 
  were 
  brought 
  out. 
  Those 
  Ponca 
  who 
  chose 
  to 
  

   remain 
  in 
  Oklahoma 
  were 
  given 
  good 
  lands. 
  Their 
  old 
  home 
  on 
  the 
  Niobrara 
  was 
  restored 
  to 
  Standing 
  

   Bear 
  and 
  his 
  followers 
  and 
  lost 
  property 
  was 
  paid 
  for 
  In 
  September, 
  190S, 
  Standing 
  Bear 
  died 
  and 
  

   was 
  buried 
  with 
  his 
  fathers. 
  By 
  his 
  sufferings 
  and 
  courage 
  he 
  was 
  instrumental 
  in 
  putting 
  an 
  end 
  to 
  

   enforced 
  Indian 
  removals. 
  

  

  b 
  Data 
  furnished 
  by 
  Office 
  of 
  Commissioner 
  of 
  Indian 
  Affairs. 
  

  

  