﻿FLETCHER-LA 
  FMSCHB] 
  ENVIRONMENT; 
  RESULTANT 
  INFLUENCES 
  97 
  

  

  in 
  such 
  manner 
  that 
  this 
  back 
  line 
  was 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  pole, 
  which 
  

   was 
  then 
  securely 
  tied 
  to 
  the 
  cover 
  by 
  the 
  thongs. 
  When 
  this 
  was 
  

   done, 
  the 
  pole 
  and 
  the 
  folded 
  tent 
  cover 
  were 
  grasped 
  firmly 
  together, 
  

   lifted, 
  and 
  set 
  in 
  place. 
  Then, 
  if 
  there 
  were 
  two 
  women 
  doing 
  the 
  

   work, 
  one 
  took 
  one 
  fold 
  of 
  the 
  cover 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  the 
  other 
  fold, 
  

   and 
  each 
  walked 
  with 
  her 
  side 
  around 
  the 
  framework 
  of 
  poles. 
  The 
  

   two 
  straight 
  edges 
  were 
  then 
  lapped 
  over 
  each 
  other 
  and 
  the 
  wooden 
  

   pins 
  were 
  put 
  in 
  or 
  the 
  thong 
  was 
  threaded. 
  Each 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  ends 
  

   of 
  the 
  straight 
  edges 
  had 
  a 
  loop 
  sewed 
  to 
  it, 
  and 
  through 
  both 
  loops 
  a 
  

   stake 
  was 
  thrust 
  into 
  the 
  ground. 
  The 
  oval 
  opening 
  formed 
  the 
  door, 
  

   which 
  was 
  called 
  tizhe'be. 
  Over 
  this 
  opening 
  a 
  skin 
  was 
  hung. 
  A 
  

   stick 
  fastened 
  across 
  from 
  one 
  foreleg 
  to 
  the 
  other, 
  and 
  another 
  stick 
  

   running 
  from 
  one 
  hindleg 
  to 
  the 
  other, 
  held 
  this 
  covering 
  taut, 
  so 
  

   that 
  it 
  could 
  be 
  easily 
  tipped 
  to 
  one 
  side 
  when 
  a 
  person 
  stooped 
  to 
  

   enter 
  the 
  oval 
  door 
  opening. 
  It 
  was 
  always 
  an 
  interesting 
  sight 
  

   to 
  watch 
  the 
  rapid 
  and 
  precise 
  movements 
  of 
  the 
  women 
  and 
  their 
  

   deftness 
  in 
  setting 
  up 
  a 
  tent. 
  On 
  a 
  journey, 
  no 
  matter 
  how 
  dark 
  the 
  

   evening 
  might 
  be 
  when 
  the 
  tent 
  was 
  pitched 
  the 
  opening 
  was 
  gener- 
  

   ally 
  so 
  arranged 
  as 
  to 
  face 
  the 
  east. 
  In 
  the 
  village, 
  or 
  in 
  a 
  camping 
  

   place 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  some 
  time, 
  a 
  band 
  of 
  willow 
  withes 
  was 
  

   bound 
  around 
  the 
  frame 
  of 
  poles 
  about 
  midway 
  their 
  height 
  to 
  give 
  

   additional 
  stability. 
  

  

  The 
  earth 
  lodge 
  (pis. 
  19, 
  22) 
  was 
  a 
  circular 
  dwelling, 
  having 
  walls 
  

   about 
  8 
  feet 
  high 
  and 
  a 
  dome-shaped 
  roof, 
  with 
  a 
  central 
  opening 
  for 
  

   the 
  escape 
  of 
  smoke 
  and 
  the 
  admission 
  of 
  light. 
  The 
  task 
  of 
  building 
  

   an 
  earth 
  lodge 
  was 
  shared 
  by 
  men 
  and 
  women. 
  The 
  marking 
  out 
  of 
  

   the 
  site 
  and 
  the 
  cutting 
  of 
  the 
  heavy 
  logs 
  were 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  men. 
  

   When 
  the 
  location 
  was 
  chosen, 
  a 
  stick 
  was 
  thrust 
  in 
  the 
  spot 
  where 
  the 
  

   fireplace 
  was 
  to 
  be, 
  one 
  end 
  of 
  a 
  rawhide 
  rope 
  was 
  fastened 
  to 
  the 
  

   stick 
  and 
  a 
  circle 
  20 
  to 
  60 
  feet 
  in 
  diameter 
  was 
  drawn 
  on 
  the 
  earth 
  

   to 
  mark 
  where 
  the 
  wall 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  erected. 
  The 
  sod 
  within 
  the 
  circle 
  

   was 
  removed, 
  the 
  ground 
  excavated 
  about 
  a 
  foot 
  in 
  depth, 
  and 
  the 
  

   earth 
  thrown 
  around 
  the 
  circle 
  like 
  an 
  embankment. 
  Small 
  crotched 
  

   posts 
  about 
  10 
  feet 
  high 
  were 
  set 
  8 
  or 
  10 
  feet 
  apart 
  and 
  1§ 
  feet 
  within 
  

   the 
  circle, 
  and 
  on 
  these 
  were 
  laid 
  beams. 
  Outside 
  this 
  frame 
  split 
  

   posts 
  were 
  set 
  close 
  together, 
  having 
  one 
  end 
  braced 
  against 
  the 
  bot- 
  

   tom 
  of 
  the 
  bank 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  end 
  leaning 
  against 
  the 
  beams, 
  thus 
  

   forming 
  a 
  wall 
  of 
  timber. 
  The 
  opening 
  generally, 
  though 
  not 
  always, 
  

   faced 
  the 
  east. 
  Midway 
  between 
  the 
  central 
  fireplace 
  and 
  the 
  wall 
  

   were 
  planted 
  4 
  to 
  8 
  large 
  crotched 
  posts 
  about 
  10 
  feet 
  in 
  height, 
  on 
  

   which 
  heavy 
  beams 
  rested, 
  these 
  serving 
  to 
  support 
  the 
  roof. 
  This 
  

   was 
  made 
  of 
  long, 
  slender, 
  tapering 
  trees 
  stripped 
  of 
  their 
  bark. 
  These 
  

   were 
  tied 
  at 
  their 
  large 
  ends 
  with 
  cords 
  (made 
  from 
  the 
  inner 
  bark 
  

   of 
  the 
  linden) 
  to 
  the 
  beams 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  stockade 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  mid- 
  

   dle 
  to 
  those 
  resting 
  in 
  the 
  crotches 
  of 
  the 
  large 
  posts 
  forming 
  the 
  

  

  83993°— 
  27 
  eth— 
  11 
  7 
  

  

  