﻿S-LDTCHEIt-LA 
  FLESCHB] 
  RECENT 
  IITSTORY 
  615 
  

  

  inroads 
  of 
  new 
  and 
  adverse 
  influences 
  which 
  came 
  with 
  bis 
  closer 
  

   contact 
  with 
  the 
  white 
  race. 
  

  

  The 
  new 
  character 
  given 
  to 
  hunting 
  produced 
  permanent 
  effects 
  

   not 
  only 
  on 
  the 
  thought 
  of 
  the 
  people 
  but 
  on 
  their 
  ancient 
  mode 
  

   of 
  life. 
  The 
  stimulation 
  of 
  hunting 
  as 
  an 
  avocation 
  weakened 
  the 
  

   influence 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  village 
  life, 
  created 
  different 
  standards 
  of 
  wealth, 
  

   enhanced 
  the 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  hunter, 
  and 
  greatly 
  increased 
  the 
  

   labors 
  of 
  the 
  women 
  in 
  preparing 
  pelts 
  and 
  skins 
  for 
  the 
  market. 
  

   There 
  is 
  good 
  reason 
  to 
  ascribe 
  to 
  the 
  last-named 
  condition 
  an 
  

   impetus 
  to 
  the 
  practice 
  of 
  polygamy 
  among 
  the 
  Omaha. 
  There 
  was 
  

   no 
  special 
  working 
  class 
  in 
  the 
  tribe 
  nor 
  could 
  labor 
  be 
  hired. 
  In 
  

   the 
  old 
  time 
  one 
  woman 
  could 
  scarcely 
  give 
  proper 
  attention 
  to 
  all 
  

   the 
  skins 
  secured 
  by 
  a 
  good 
  hunter; 
  still 
  less 
  could 
  she 
  do 
  the 
  addi- 
  

   tional 
  work 
  occasioned 
  by 
  the 
  pressure 
  of 
  trade. 
  

  

  Changes 
  in 
  Ornaments 
  and 
  Decoration 
  

  

  The 
  traders' 
  wares 
  were 
  not 
  confined 
  to 
  tools. 
  Many 
  novelties 
  

   were 
  brought 
  which 
  appealed 
  to 
  the 
  people 
  and 
  soon 
  created 
  new 
  

   wants. 
  Glass 
  beads 
  of 
  gay 
  colors 
  lent 
  themselves 
  to 
  decoration 
  as 
  

   the 
  more 
  cumbersome 
  shell 
  beads 
  could 
  not, 
  but 
  bead 
  decoration 
  

   did 
  not 
  replace 
  at 
  once 
  porcupine 
  quill 
  work. 
  The 
  latter 
  demanded 
  

   training, 
  skill, 
  and 
  patience, 
  whereas 
  beads 
  were 
  easily 
  used 
  and 
  made 
  

   with 
  little 
  effort 
  a 
  garment 
  effective 
  in 
  ornament 
  and 
  coloring, 
  so 
  that 
  

   in 
  time 
  their 
  use 
  became 
  popular. 
  The 
  old 
  name 
  for 
  the 
  shell 
  bead 
  

   (hi 
  n 
  pka') 
  was 
  transferred 
  to 
  the 
  new 
  glass 
  bead. 
  Silver 
  or 
  brass 
  

   bangles 
  and 
  finger 
  rings 
  were 
  never 
  as 
  much 
  liked 
  by 
  the 
  Omaha 
  

   as 
  by 
  some 
  other 
  tribes. 
  The 
  silver 
  "ear 
  bob" 
  introduced 
  by 
  the 
  

   traders 
  was 
  called 
  pe'ugaslike 
  (pe, 
  modified 
  for 
  euphony 
  from 
  pa, 
  

   meaning 
  "nose;" 
  ugashke, 
  "to 
  attach"). 
  This 
  name 
  may 
  refer 
  

   to 
  the 
  ceremonial 
  piercing 
  of 
  the 
  nose 
  during 
  the 
  tattooing 
  cere- 
  

   mony 
  (see 
  p. 
  503) 
  for 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  tradition 
  that 
  the 
  Omaha 
  ever 
  wore 
  

   nose 
  rings. 
  The 
  name 
  for 
  "earring" 
  is 
  u'wi 
  n 
  , 
  an 
  old 
  term 
  that 
  

   strange 
  to 
  say 
  was 
  never 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  silver 
  "ear 
  bob" 
  brought 
  by 
  

   the 
  traders. 
  These 
  "ear 
  bobs" 
  were 
  much 
  liked 
  as 
  earrings; 
  some- 
  

   times 
  they 
  adorned 
  the 
  entire 
  lobe 
  of 
  the 
  ear. 
  

  

  Another 
  saving 
  of 
  labor 
  in 
  comparison 
  with 
  old 
  methods 
  was 
  

   involved 
  in 
  buying 
  paints 
  from 
  the 
  traders. 
  The 
  paint 
  was 
  sold 
  

   in 
  small 
  packages 
  not 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  a 
  paper 
  of 
  darning 
  needles 
  

   and 
  the 
  price 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  packages 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  century 
  was 
  the 
  value 
  

   of 
  twenty-five 
  cents. 
  The 
  old 
  term 
  for 
  "red 
  paint," 
  wapezhide 
  {wape, 
  

   "clay;" 
  zhide, 
  "red") 
  was 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  trader's 
  article 
  as 
  was 
  

   the 
  old 
  name 
  for 
  "green 
  paint" 
  (wape'tu). 
  Blue 
  paint 
  was 
  called 
  

   mo 
  n 
  thi 
  n 
  l-at 
  u 
  (iii<j 
  n 
  thi"ka, 
  "earth;" 
  tu, 
  "blue"); 
  yellow 
  paint, 
  moHhi 
  n 
  - 
  

   ka 
  pi, 
  "yellow 
  earth" 
  — 
  both 
  old 
  names. 
  Great 
  quantities 
  of 
  paint 
  

   were 
  sold, 
  this 
  article, 
  alone 
  yielding 
  a 
  large 
  profit 
  to 
  the 
  trader. 
  

  

  