﻿622 
  THE 
  OMAHA 
  TRIBE 
  [eth. 
  ass. 
  27 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  old 
  tonus 
  survive 
  and 
  are 
  applied 
  to 
  modern 
  conditions, 
  as 
  the 
  phrase, 
  Tiv.pt 
  , 
  

   "I 
  am 
  going 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  visit." 
  (ti, 
  tent; 
  upe, 
  to 
  creep 
  into); 
  the 
  word 
  refers 
  to 
  the 
  

   stooping 
  posture 
  necessary 
  in 
  entering 
  the 
  low 
  opening 
  of 
  the 
  tent. 
  Even 
  if 
  uoin.!; 
  

   into 
  a 
  large 
  dwelling 
  the 
  * 
  Imaha 
  would 
  say 
  Tiupe, 
  as 
  did 
  his 
  forefather-. 
  

  

  TREATIES 
  WITH 
  THE 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  treaty 
  between 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  the 
  Omaha 
  was 
  

   made 
  at 
  Portage 
  de 
  Sioux 
  in 
  July, 
  1815 
  (U. 
  S. 
  Stat, 
  at 
  Large, 
  vol. 
  

   vii, 
  p. 
  129). 
  Similar 
  treaties 
  were 
  made 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  with 
  a 
  number 
  

   of 
  tribes 
  that 
  during 
  the 
  War 
  of 
  1812 
  had 
  been 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  under 
  the 
  

   influence 
  of 
  English 
  traders. 
  The 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  treaty 
  was 
  to 
  

   "place 
  all 
  things 
  in 
  every 
  respect 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  footing 
  as 
  before 
  the 
  

   late 
  war 
  between 
  the 
  United 
  Slates 
  ami 
  Great 
  Britain." 
  Injuries 
  

   were 
  to 
  be 
  "mutually 
  forgiven," 
  "peace 
  maintained," 
  and 
  the 
  

   United 
  States 
  acknowledged 
  by 
  the 
  tribe 
  as 
  its 
  protecting 
  power. 
  

  

  It 
  was 
  about 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  making 
  tins 
  treaty 
  that 
  the 
  Government 
  

   took 
  the 
  first 
  measures 
  against 
  the 
  smallpox. 
  The 
  Omaha 
  were 
  

   persuaded 
  to 
  submit 
  to 
  vaccination 
  and 
  this 
  treatment 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  

   instrumental 
  in 
  saving 
  the 
  tribe 
  from 
  the 
  inroads 
  of 
  the 
  disease, 
  

   when, 
  in 
  1837, 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  tribes 
  to 
  the 
  northward 
  were 
  almost 
  

   exterminated 
  by 
  it. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  treaty 
  was 
  made 
  al 
  Council 
  Bluffs 
  in 
  1sl'."> 
  (U. 
  S. 
  Stat. 
  

   at 
  Large, 
  vol. 
  vn, 
  p. 
  282); 
  this 
  related 
  mainly 
  to 
  granting 
  supremacy 
  

   to 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  in 
  punishing 
  those 
  who 
  committed 
  offenses 
  and 
  

   to 
  the 
  protection 
  of 
  traders. 
  The 
  Omaha 
  agreed 
  not 
  to 
  furnish 
  

   ammunition 
  to 
  hostile 
  Indians. 
  In 
  both 
  these 
  treaties 
  the 
  Omaha 
  

   were 
  dealt 
  with 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  ' 
  Alalia," 
  this 
  form 
  arising 
  from 
  

   misunderstanding 
  on 
  the 
  pari 
  of 
  I 
  he 
  whites 
  of 
  the 
  native 
  speaker, 
  

   wdto 
  lightly 
  sounded 
  as 
  // 
  tic 
  initial 
  letter 
  of 
  Omaha, 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  

   time 
  placing 
  the 
  emphasis 
  on 
  the 
  second 
  syllable. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  treaty 
  of 
  July, 
  L830 
  (U 
  S. 
  Stat, 
  at 
  Large, 
  vol. 
  vn, 
  p. 
  328), 
  

   made 
  at 
  Prairie 
  du 
  Chien, 
  the 
  Omaha, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  Sauk 
  and 
  

   Foxes, 
  Bands 
  of 
  the 
  Sioux, 
  the 
  Iowa, 
  Oto, 
  anil 
  Missouri 
  tribes, 
  ceded 
  

   to 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  their 
  claim 
  to 
  lands 
  within 
  the 
  present 
  State 
  of 
  

   [owa. 
  The 
  Omaha, 
  Iowa, 
  Oto, 
  Yankton, 
  and 
  Santee 
  Sioux 
  agreed 
  

   that 
  a 
  reservation 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  Nemaha 
  county, 
  Nebraska, 
  should 
  

   begiven 
  their 
  half-breed 
  kindred, 
  till) 
  acres 
  to 
  be 
  allotted 
  to 
  each 
  indi- 
  

   vidual. 
  The 
  half-breeds 
  among 
  the 
  Omaha 
  all 
  received 
  their 
  quota 
  

   of 
  lands 
  on 
  this 
  reservation. 
  Some 
  of 
  them 
  left 
  the 
  tribe 
  and 
  went 
  

   to 
  live 
  on 
  their 
  newly 
  acquired 
  allotments; 
  others 
  accepted 
  land 
  the 
  

   but 
  disposed 
  of 
  it 
  and 
  never 
  left 
  the 
  tribe. 
  Under 
  this 
  treaty 
  the 
  

   Omaha 
  received 
  their 
  first 
  payment 
  from 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  for 
  ceded 
  

   land 
  and 
  were 
  promised 
  a 
  blacksmith 
  and 
  farming 
  implements 
  — 
  a 
  

   promise 
  that 
  was 
  not 
  fulfilled 
  until 
  several 
  years 
  later. 
  The 
  head- 
  

   quarters 
  of 
  the 
  Western 
  Superintendent 
  of 
  Indian 
  tribes 
  was 
  at 
  St. 
  

  

  