﻿630 
  THE 
  OMAHA 
  TRIBE 
  [eth. 
  ANN. 
  27 
  

  

  reservation; 
  another 
  (the 
  largest) 
  near 
  the 
  agency; 
  the 
  third 
  to 
  

   the 
  northeast 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  the 
  banks 
  of 
  the 
  Missouri. 
  This 
  division 
  

   of 
  the 
  people 
  had 
  no 
  tribal 
  significance. 
  When 
  the 
  tribe 
  moved 
  out 
  

   on 
  its 
  annual 
  buffalo 
  hunt, 
  the 
  people 
  camped 
  as 
  one 
  body, 
  forming 
  

   the 
  hu'thuga 
  (see 
  p. 
  138); 
  the 
  old 
  tribal 
  organization 
  was 
  not 
  affected 
  

   in 
  any 
  way. 
  The 
  Middle 
  village, 
  as 
  the 
  one 
  near 
  the 
  agency 
  was 
  

   called, 
  was 
  on 
  the 
  stream 
  now 
  known 
  as 
  Blackbird 
  creek. 
  The 
  pic- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  the 
  earth 
  lodge 
  shown 
  in 
  plate 
  19, 
  taken 
  more 
  than 
  twenty- 
  

   seven 
  years 
  ago, 
  represents 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  these 
  lodges, 
  erected 
  at 
  the 
  

   time 
  the 
  Middle 
  village 
  was 
  built. 
  

  

  Agency 
  Buildings 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  Omaha 
  reservation 
  was 
  established 
  the 
  

   Missouri 
  river 
  was 
  the 
  highway 
  of 
  travel. 
  The 
  steamers 
  from 
  St. 
  

   Louis 
  brought 
  the 
  supplies 
  needed 
  for 
  the 
  agency 
  and 
  the 
  mission. 
  

   The 
  landing 
  place 
  was 
  on 
  the 
  bottomland 
  below 
  the 
  mission 
  build- 
  

   ings. 
  Here 
  the 
  agency 
  shops 
  were 
  first 
  erected 
  and 
  in 
  these 
  the 
  boys 
  

   from 
  the 
  mission 
  school 
  were 
  permitted 
  to 
  work 
  and 
  learn 
  something 
  

   of 
  the 
  carpenter's 
  and 
  the 
  blacksmith's 
  trade. 
  Later 
  a 
  boarding 
  school 
  

   was 
  established 
  at 
  the 
  agency, 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  shops 
  were 
  removed, 
  

   and 
  a 
  saw 
  mill 
  and 
  a 
  grist 
  mill 
  were 
  built. 
  All 
  these 
  were 
  given 
  up 
  

   before 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  century. 
  Public 
  day 
  schools 
  were 
  estab- 
  

   lished 
  and 
  the 
  agency 
  shops 
  were 
  supplanted 
  by 
  private 
  enterprises 
  

   of 
  the 
  native 
  population. 
  

  

  In 
  1878 
  Congress 
  provided 
  for 
  the 
  establishment 
  of 
  Indian 
  police, 
  

   who 
  were 
  to 
  be 
  directly 
  under 
  the 
  authority 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  

   Indian 
  agent: 
  they 
  were 
  to 
  maintain 
  order; 
  to 
  arrest 
  offenders, 
  includ- 
  

   ing 
  those 
  engaged 
  in 
  the 
  illegal 
  liquor 
  trallic; 
  to 
  return 
  truant 
  children 
  

   to 
  school: 
  to 
  protect 
  government 
  property; 
  and 
  to 
  perforin 
  various 
  

   other 
  services. 
  A 
  few 
  years 
  subsequent 
  to 
  this 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  "police" 
  

   were 
  appointed 
  at 
  the 
  Omaha 
  agency; 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  men 
  of 
  

   the 
  tribe 
  were 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  force. 
  Their 
  duties 
  gave 
  them 
  and 
  

   through 
  them 
  the 
  people 
  practical 
  lessons 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  methods 
  

   employed 
  in 
  white 
  communities 
  to 
  promote 
  social 
  welfare 
  and 
  

   order 
  a 
  lesson 
  that 
  was 
  timely, 
  as 
  settlements 
  were 
  rapidly 
  springing 
  

   up 
  around 
  the 
  reservation 
  and 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  white 
  race 
  was 
  

   increasing 
  daily. 
  

  

  PRESSURE 
  OF 
  TRADERS 
  ON 
  TRIBAL 
  AFFAIRS 
  

  

  The 
  changes 
  in 
  the 
  avocations 
  and 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  Omaha 
  brought 
  about 
  

   through 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  traders 
  have 
  been 
  spoken 
  of; 
  but 
  there 
  

   were 
  other 
  ways 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  traders 
  had 
  made 
  themselves 
  felt. 
  

   Trading 
  companies 
  made 
  gifts 
  to 
  chiefs 
  and 
  other 
  leading 
  men 
  whom 
  

  

  a 
  For 
  the 
  details 
  of 
  the- 
  United 
  States 
  Indian 
  Service 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  efforts 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  Government 
  to 
  assist 
  

   the 
  tribe 
  to 
  a 
  knowledge 
  of 
  civilized 
  life, 
  see 
  the 
  Annual 
  Reports 
  of 
  the 
  Commissioners 
  of 
  Indian 
  Affairs. 
  

  

  