﻿634 
  THE 
  OMAHA 
  TRIBE 
  [etii. 
  ann. 
  27 
  

  

  escape 
  criticism 
  and 
  he 
  had 
  to 
  endure 
  persecution 
  because 
  of 
  his 
  

   championship 
  of 
  what 
  he 
  thought 
  were 
  the 
  rights 
  of 
  the 
  people. 
  

   Through 
  all 
  the 
  changes 
  that 
  came 
  about 
  he 
  remained 
  until 
  his 
  

   death, 
  in 
  1888, 
  a 
  leader 
  of 
  the 
  tribe. 
  Throughout 
  his 
  eventful 
  life 
  

   he 
  bore 
  well 
  his 
  part 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  rites 
  and 
  requirements 
  of 
  chieftain- 
  

   ship 
  and 
  lived 
  to 
  cast 
  his 
  vote 
  as 
  a 
  citizen 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  The 
  

   following 
  incident 
  is 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  man: 
  Although 
  he 
  could 
  

   "count" 
  more 
  than 
  needed 
  to 
  entitle 
  him 
  to 
  place 
  the 
  "mark 
  of 
  

   honor" 
  (see 
  p. 
  505) 
  on 
  his 
  daughters, 
  he 
  would 
  not 
  have 
  them 
  

   tattooed 
  nor 
  would 
  he 
  permit 
  the 
  ears 
  of 
  his 
  sons 
  to 
  be 
  pierced. 
  

   When 
  questioned 
  why 
  he, 
  who 
  had 
  fulfilled 
  so 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  ancient 
  

   requirements, 
  should 
  have 
  refused 
  so 
  to 
  distinguish 
  himself 
  and 
  his 
  

   children, 
  he 
  replied: 
  "I 
  was 
  always 
  sure 
  that 
  my 
  sons 
  and 
  daughters 
  

   would 
  live 
  to 
  see 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  they 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  mingle 
  with 
  

   the 
  white 
  people, 
  and 
  I 
  determined 
  that 
  they 
  should 
  not 
  have 
  any 
  

   mark 
  put 
  upon 
  them 
  that 
  might 
  be 
  detrimental 
  in 
  their 
  future 
  

   surroundings." 
  

  

  SURVEY 
  OF 
  THE 
  RESERVATION 
  

  

  The 
  promise 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  treaty 
  of 
  1854 
  and 
  repeated 
  in 
  1865, 
  that 
  

   the 
  land 
  should 
  be 
  surveyed 
  in 
  order 
  that 
  the 
  people 
  might 
  enter 
  on 
  

   t 
  racts 
  and 
  possess 
  their 
  individual 
  homes 
  was 
  not 
  fulfilled 
  until 
  1S72. 
  

   It 
  was 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  "the 
  'make-believe' 
  white 
  men" 
  

   that 
  stimulated 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  villages 
  and 
  finally 
  secured 
  

   the 
  delayed 
  governmental 
  action. 
  The 
  eastern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  reserva- 
  

   tion, 
  from 
  the 
  Missouri 
  to 
  the 
  Omaha 
  Creek 
  region, 
  was 
  surveyed 
  into 
  

   townships 
  and 
  the 
  usual 
  subdivisions. 
  Oxen 
  and 
  breaking 
  plows 
  

   were 
  bought 
  with 
  tribal 
  money 
  and 
  prairie 
  was 
  broken 
  on 
  the 
  selec- 
  

   tions 
  that 
  were 
  made 
  by 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  people, 
  their 
  right 
  to 
  the 
  land 
  se- 
  

   lected 
  being 
  secured 
  to 
  them 
  b} 
  r 
  certificates 
  issued 
  by 
  the 
  Government. 
  

   The 
  people 
  spent 
  all 
  the 
  winter 
  after 
  the 
  survey 
  was 
  made 
  in 
  cut- 
  

   ting 
  timber 
  and 
  hauling 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  agency 
  mill. 
  Only 
  a 
  few 
  reaped 
  

   benefit 
  of 
  their 
  labor 
  by 
  having 
  their 
  logs 
  made 
  into 
  lumber 
  and 
  

   the 
  houses 
  built. 
  The 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  material 
  gathered 
  was 
  never 
  

   used; 
  like 
  many 
  other 
  promises, 
  the 
  fulfillment 
  was 
  deferred 
  until 
  

   the 
  people 
  lost 
  hope 
  and 
  ambition. 
  

  

  EXTERMINATION 
  OF 
  THE 
  BUFFALO 
  

  

  About 
  this 
  time 
  the 
  slaughter 
  of 
  the 
  buffalo 
  herds 
  had 
  seriously 
  

   affected 
  the 
  supply 
  of 
  the 
  game, 
  so 
  that 
  after 
  1876 
  there 
  were 
  no 
  more 
  

   annual 
  buffalo 
  hunts 
  and 
  a 
  new 
  dilemma 
  confronted 
  the 
  people. 
  

   Unused 
  to 
  depend 
  solely 
  on 
  a 
  diet 
  of 
  grain 
  and 
  not 
  accustomed 
  to 
  

   the 
  taste 
  of 
  beef, 
  they 
  suffered 
  from 
  the 
  change. 
  It 
  was 
  during 
  

   this 
  distress 
  that 
  the 
  tribe 
  sought 
  to 
  make 
  their 
  appeal 
  to 
  Wako 
  n 
  'da 
  

  

  