ABIHKA ABNAKI 



[b. a. e. 



'formation (symbolic name, sig. 'door,' as the 

 town was .situated at the n. limits of the Creek 

 country, and thus defended it against hostile 

 inroads). 



Abihka. A town of the Creek Nation 

 on the .s. side of North fork of Canadian 

 r., Tp. 11 N., R. 8e., Ind. T. 

 Abi'hka,— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., ii, 185, 1888. 

 Arbeka.— U. S. P. O. Guide, StiC). 1904. 



AbikudsM ( ' Little Abihka' ). A former 

 Upper Creek town in n. Talladega co., 

 Ala., on the right bank of Tallahatchee 

 cr., 5 m. E. of Coosa r. It was settled 

 by Abihka Indians and some of the 

 Natchez. Bartram (1775) states that 

 the inhabitants spoke a dialect of Chick- 

 asaw, which could have been true of 

 only a part. 



Abacooches,— Bartram, Travels, 461, 1791. Aba- 

 couchees.— r. S. Ind. Treaties (1797), (38, 1.837. 

 Abbacoochees, — Swan (1791) in Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, v, '2(1'2, \><nf). Abecoche. — Jeflferys, Am. 

 Atlas, .5, 177(). Abecochi.— ,\lcodo. Dice. Geog., i, 

 3, 1786. Abecoochee.— r. S. Ind. Treaties (1814). 

 162, 1837. Abecothee.— Lattre, Carte des Etats- 

 Unis, 1784. Abecouechis.— Raudry de Lozieres, 

 Vov. Louisiane, 241, 1802. Abucbochu.— H. R. Ex. 

 Doc. 276, 24th Cong., 1st sess., 31.=), 1836. Arbic- 

 coochee.— Sen. Ex. Doc. 42.i, 24th Cong., 1st sess., 

 301,1836. Au-ba-coo-che.— Hawkins (1814) in Am. 

 State Papers, Ind. Aff., i, 837, 1832. Au-be-coo- 

 che.— Hawkins (1798-99), Sketch, 41, 1848. 



Abikudshi. A town of the Creek Nation 

 on Deep fork of Canadian r. , above Ocmnl- 

 gee, Ind. T. 



Abi'hkudshi.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., ii, 18.5, 

 1888. 



Abiquiu ( from Ahcchiu, q. v. ). A pueblo 

 fouuded l)y the Spaniards prior to 1747 

 at the site of the prehistoric Tewa puel)lo 

 of Fejiu, on the Rio Chama, Rio Arriba 

 CO. , N. Mex. In Aug. , 1 747, it was raided 

 by the Ute, who killed a number of the 

 inhabitants and compelled its abandon- 

 ment. It was resettled soon afterward, 

 and in 1748 contained 20 families, but, 

 owing to further depredations by the Ute 

 and Navaho, w-as again abandoned, and 

 in 1754 reoccupied. In 1765 the settle- 

 ment (the mission name of which was 

 Santa Rosa, later changed to Santo 

 Tomas) contained 166 persons, and in the 

 vicinity were 612 others. In 1779 the 

 pueblo had 851 inhabitants, and at least 

 as early as 1794 it was peopled in part by 

 Genizaros, or Indian captives and fugi- 

 tives, chiefly Ilopi, whom the Spaniards* 

 had rescued or purchased. In 1808 Abi- 

 quiu contained' 122 Indians and 1,816 

 whites and mestizos. The town was 

 thoroughly Mexicanized by 1854. See 

 Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 280, 1889; 

 Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 54, 

 1892. (F. w. H. ) 



Abequin,— Kern in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 39, 

 1854. Abicu,— .Vrrowsniith, Map of N. A., 1795, 

 ed. 1814. Abicui.— Humboldt, Atlas Nouv. E.s- 

 pagne, carte 1, l.'^ll. Abiguin.— Ward in Ind. 

 Aff. Rep. 1867, 210, 18(is. Abiquico.— Lane (18.54) 

 in Schoolcraft, Ind. Trilics, v, 689, 18.55. Abi- 

 quieu.— Esctidero, Noticias Xuevo-Mt'X., 14, 1849. 

 Abiquin,— Hezio (1797-98) in Meline, Two Thou- 

 sand Miles, 260, 1867. Abiquiri.— Mvihlenpfordt, 

 Mejico, II, .533, 1844. Abiquiu.— Ms. of 17.50 cited 

 by Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, in, 174, 1890. 

 Abricu.— Pike, Exped., map, 1810. Abuquin.— 



Johnston in Emory, Recon., .569, 1848. Albi- 

 quin.— Simpson, Rep., 2, 18.50. Aluquia.— Busch- 

 mann. N. Mex., 245, 1858. Jo-so-ge.— Bandelier 

 in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, .54, 1892 (Tewa name; 

 from Jo-!<ii, their name for the Hopi, because 

 most of the inhabitants were of that tribe). 

 Santa Rosa de Abiquiu. — Dominguez v Escalante 

 (17761 in ])(»•. Hist. Mex,, 2d s., I, 378, 1854. San 

 Tomas de Abiquiu —\yard in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1867, 

 213, 1S6S. Santo Tomas de Abicui. — Orozco y Berra 

 in Anales Minis. Fom., vi,2.">5, l,s,82. Santo Tomas 

 de Abiquiu. — Alencaster (1S05) in Meline, Two 

 Thou.sand Miles, 212, 1867. Sta Rosa Abiquiu. — 

 Bancroft. .\riz. and N. Mex., 2.52, 1889. 



Abittibi {abi'la, 'half,' 'middle,' 'in- 

 termediate'; hi, a secondary stem refer- 

 ring to a state or condition, here alluding 

 to water; -g, a locative suffix: hence 'half- 

 way-across water,' referring to the situa- 

 tion of Abittibi lake. — W. Jones). A little 

 known Algonkin band whose habitat has 

 been the shores of Abittibi lake, Out. 

 The first recorded notice of them is in the 

 Jesuit Relation for 1640. It is said in the 

 Relation of 1660 that the Iroijuois had 

 warred upon them and two other tribes 

 of the same locality. Du Lhat(1684) 

 includes them in the list of nations of the 

 region n. of L. Superior whose trade it 

 was desirable should be turned from the 

 English of Hudson bay to the French. 

 Cliauvignerie (1736) seems to connect 

 this tribe, estimated at 140 warriors, with 

 the Tetes de Boule. He mentions as 

 totems the ^jartridge and the eagle. They 

 were reported by the Canadian Indian 

 Office to number 450 in 1878, after which 

 date they are not officially nientioned. 



(.1. M. C. T. ) 



Abbetikis.— Chauvignerie (1736)quotedby School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, ni, 556, 1853. Abbitibbes.— Keane 

 in Stanford, Compendium, 498, lS7s. Abitibis.— 

 Harris, Voy. andTrav.. I, map. 1705. Abittibbes.— 

 Walch, map. 1805. Abittibis,— Chauvignerie ( 1736) 

 in N. Y. Doc. Hist., ix, 10.54, 185.5. Outabitibek.— 

 Jesuit Rel. 1660, in, 12, 18.58. Outabytibis.— Bac- 

 queville de la Potherie, ii, 49, 1753. Outatibes.— 

 Harris, Vov. and Trav., I, map, 1705. Tabitibis.— 

 DuLhut (1684) in Margry, D^c, Vl, 51, 1S86. Ta- 

 bittibis.— Chauvignerie (1736) in N. Y. Doc. Hist., 

 IX, 10.53, 18.55. Tabittikis.— Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, iii, .5.55, 18.53. Tibitibis.— Hennepin, New 

 Disc, map, 1698. 



Abmoctac. A former Costanoan village 

 connected with Dolores mission, San Fran- 

 cisco, Cal. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 

 18, 1861. 



Abnaki. ( Wdbfma ki, from ivdbun, a 

 term associated with 'light,' 'white,' and 

 refers to the morning and the east; aki 

 'earth,' 'land'; hence Wdhtmdki is an 

 inanimate singular term signifying 'east- 

 land,' or 'morning-land,' the elements 

 referring to animate dwellers of the east 

 being wanting. — Jones). A name used 

 l)y the English and French of the colonial 

 period to designate an Algonquian con- 

 federacy centering in the present state of 

 Maine, and by the Algonquian tribes to 

 include all those of their own stock resi- 

 dent on the Atlantic seaboard, more par- 

 ticularly the "Abnaki" in the n and the 

 Delawares in the s. More recently it has 

 been applied also to the emigrant Oneida, 



