14 



ADJUITSUPPA ADOBE 



[b. a. k. 



(1701) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., iv. 899, 1854. Adi- 

 rontak. — Vetromile, Abnakis,51, 1866. Adisonkas. 

 — Martin, North Carolina, I, 76, 1829. Adnon- 

 decks. — McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, iii, 79, 

 1854. Arundacs. — Johnson (1763) in N. Y. Dop. 

 Col. Hist., VII, f-)H2. 1856. Arundax.— Ft Johii.son 

 conference (1756), ibid., 233. Honanduk. — Coxe, 

 Carolana, map, 1741 (on e. shore of L. Hu- 

 ron; same?). Iroondocks. — Carver, Travel.s, 120, 

 1778. Latilentasks.— King, .lour, to Arctic Ocean, 

 I, 11, 1836 (at Oka). Orendakes.— Martin, North 

 Carolina, ll, 65, 1§29. Orondacks.— .lohnson (1751) 

 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vi, 729, l.s55. Orondocks.— 

 Stoddart (1750), ibid., 582 (at Oka). Orondoes.— 

 Imlav, Western Ter., 292,1797. Oroondoks.— Stod- 

 dart (1753) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vi, 780, 18.55. 

 Oroonducks. — Lindesay (1749), ibid., 538. Orun- 

 dacks.— Dinwiddle (1754), ibid., 827. Raron- 

 daks.— Vater, Mithridate'i, pt. 3, sec. 3, 309, 1816. 

 Ratiruntaks. — Gatsclu-t.Caughnawaga MS., B. A. 

 E., 1882 (Mohawk name; sing. Ranintak.s) . 

 Rondax,— Glen (1699) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., iv, 

 559, 1854. Rondaxe.— Von der Donck (1656) in 

 N. Y. Hist. .Soc. Coll., 2d s., i, 209, 1841. 



Adjuitsuppa. An Eskimo settlement 

 and Danish trading station in s. w. Green- 

 land, lat. 60° 27'.— Meddelelser om 

 Gronland, xvi, map, 1896. 

 Siidproven.— Koldewey, German Arct. Exped., 

 182, 1874. Sydproven.— Meddelelserom Gronland, 

 XVI, map, 1896. 



Adlet. A fabulous people that the 

 Eskimo believe to be descended from a 

 dog. A woman married a red dog and 

 bore five dogs, which she cast adrift 

 in a boat, and also five children of mon- 

 strous shape. The dogs reached the other 

 side of the ocean and l)egot the white 

 people. The monsters engendered the 

 Adlet, terrible beings, identiiied by the 

 Labrador Eskimo with the Indians, of 

 whom they formerly lived in dread, also 

 by the Eskimo of the western shores of 

 Hudson bay, who, however, called this 

 misbegotten and bloodthirsty race Er- 

 (jigdlit. The Eskimo of Greenland and 

 Baffin land, having no Indian neighbors, 

 pictured the tribe of monsters with hu- 

 man heads, arms, and trunks joined to the 

 hind legs of dogs. See Boas ( 1 ) in Trans. 

 Koy. Soc. Can., v., sec. 2,35,1888; (2) in 

 6th Rep. B. A. E., 640, 1888. 



Adla. — Boas in Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., op. cit. 

 (sing, form of Adlat). Adlahsuin,— Stein in Peter- 

 manns Mitt., no. 9, map, 1902. Adlat.— Boas, op. 

 cit. Adlet.— Boas in 6th Rep. B. A. E., 640, 1888. 

 Erqiglit. — Ibid. 



Adobe (a word traceable to an Egyptian 

 hieroglyph signifying 'brick,' thence to 

 Arabic af-toh, (d-U)h, whence the Spanish 

 adobar, 'to daub,' 'to plaster'; adopted 

 in the United States from Mexico) . 

 Large sun-dried bricks, much used by the 

 Pueblo Indians of New Mexico in build- 

 ing houses and garden walls. The pro- 

 cess of molding adobes in a wooden frame 

 was not employed by the aborigines of 

 the United States before the advent of 

 the Spaniards in the 16th century. In 

 1540 the Pueblo method of preparing 

 the material and of erecting masonry, 

 when stone was not available, is thus de- 

 scribed by Castatieda (14th Rep. B. A. E., 

 520, 1896): "They gather a great pile of 

 twigs of thyme [sagebrush] and sedge 



grass and set it afire, and when it is half 

 coals and ashes they throw a quantity of 

 dirt and water on it and mix it all 

 together. They make round balls of 

 this, which they use instead of stones 

 after they are dry, fixing them with the 

 same mixture, which comes to be like a 

 stiff clay." After the" introduction of 

 wheat by the Spaniards the straw crushed 

 1)y the hoofs of horses in stamping out 

 the grain on a threshing floor was sub- 

 stituted by the Indians for the charred 

 brush. The character of much of the 

 soil of the arid region is such that no for- 

 eign admixture, excepting the straw, is 

 required. A requisite of adobe-making 

 is a good supply of water; conse- 

 sequently the industry is conducted gen- 

 erally on the banks of streams, near 

 which pueblos are usually built. When 

 molded, the adobes are set on edge to 

 dry, slanted slightly to shed rain. Adobes 

 vary in size, but are generally about 18 

 in. long, 8 to 10 in. wide, antl 4 to 6 in. 

 thick. In setting them in walls mortar 

 of the same material is used, as is the 

 case with stone masonry. In the S. W., 

 where the average precijiitation is not 

 great, structures liuilt of adobes last 

 indefinitely with reasonaljle repair, the 

 greatest amount of disintegration being 

 at the base of the walls during seasons of 

 rain, although prolonged sand storms 

 alsf) ero<le the surfaces. For the sake of 

 appearance, as well as to aid in protect- 

 ing it against weathering, adobe masonry 

 is usually plastered (the Indian women 

 using their hands as trowels), when it 

 presents a pleasing appearance, varying 

 in color from gray to a rich reddish 

 brown, according to the color of the 

 earth of which the plaster is made. 

 The interior walls and sometimes also the 

 borders of the windows and doors are 

 sometimes whitewashed with gypsum. 

 Away from streams, as at Acoma, stone 

 is usually employed for house masonry; 

 but a noteworthy exception is the im- 

 mense adobe church at this pueblo, built 

 by the Indians about 1699, under the 

 direction of the Spanish fathers, of mate- 

 rial carried from the plain below, the 

 sunnnit of the Acoma mesa being bare 

 rock. Another kind of earth-masonry in 

 the arid region is thSt known as pise. 

 This was made by erecting a doulile frame- 

 work of poles, wattled with reeds or 

 grass, forming two parallel surfaces as 

 far apart as the desired thickness of the 

 wall, and into the enclosed space adobe 

 grout was ranuned. In the celebrated 

 ruin of Casa (irande (q. v.) the frame- 

 work was evidently built about 5 ft. long 

 and 3 or 4 ft. wide, and when the grout 

 became dry the frame was moved side- 

 ways or upward to receive the next 

 course (see Mindeleff in 13th Rep. B. 



