24 



AaaAVACAAMANC AGRICTTLTTTRE 



[b. a. m 



cond tions make this iiiethoil suited tf) 

 the ii terests of the Indians. 



Rations. — These were a part of the mer- 

 chandise payments. They were at first 

 urged upon "the tribes in order to keej) 

 them confined within the reservations 

 instead of wandering in the pursuit of 

 game. After the destruction'of the buf- 

 falo herds the beef ration l)ecame a neces- 

 sity to the Plains Indians until they were 

 able to raise their own stock. Except in 

 a few instances, where treaties still re- 

 (|uire this method of payment, rations 

 are not now issued unless great poverty 

 or some disaster makes it necessary. 



A movement is now on foot for the 

 division of all tribal money held in the 

 United States Treasury, an arrangement 

 that would do away with many disad- 

 vantages that are connected with pay- 

 ments in annuities and rations. 



See fiorernmental Policy, Resercatiotix, 

 Treaties. (a. c. p.) 



Aggavacaamanc ('arroyo of the 

 gul Is' (? ) ) . A rancheria, probably Co- 

 chimi, connected with Purisima (Cade- 

 gomo) mission, w. Lower California, in 

 the 18th centurv.— Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th 

 s., V, 189, 1857. ■ 



Aggey. Mentioned by Ofiate (Doc. 

 Ined., XVI, 113, 1871) as a pueblo of New 

 Mexico in 1598. Doubtless situated in 

 the Salinas, in the vicinity of Abo, e. of 

 the Rio Grande, and in all probability 

 occupied at that time by the Tigua or the 

 Piros. 



Agiukchuk. A Kaialigamiut village 

 opposite the s. shore of Nelson id., Alas- 

 ka; pop. 35 in 1880, 81 in 1890. 

 Agiukchugumut.— Nt'lsDii in IfSth Rep. B. A. E., 

 map, 1.S99. Ighiakchaghamiut.— 11th Census, 

 Alaska, 110, 1893. 



Agivavik. A Nushagagmiut village on 

 Nushagak r., Alaska; pop. 52 in 1880, 

 30 in 1890. 



Agivarik,— Post route map, 1903. Agivavik, — 

 Petroff, 10th Census, Alaska, map, l<s84. 



Aglemiut, An Eskimo tribe inhabit- 

 ing the N. w. coast of Alaska from the 

 mouth of Nushagak r. s. w. to the valley 

 of thellgashik, extending e. to the high- 

 lands (Dall inCont. N. A. Ethnol., i, 19, 

 1877). They numbered only 767 in 1890. 

 They dwell" on the coast, hunting the 

 walrus and occasionally putting out to 

 sea in pursuit of whales. Although 

 Christians, they retain their native be- 

 liefs and customs, resembling their neigh- 

 bors in dress, except that they use rein- 

 deer skins for winter garments. They 

 carve ivory as skilfully as the northern 

 tribes. Subdivisions are the Kiatagmiut, 

 Ugagogtniut, and Ugashigmiut. The vil- 

 lages are Igagik, Ikak, Kingiak, Paug- 

 wik, I'gashik, and rnangashik. 

 Achkugmjuten.— Holniberij, Kthuol. Skizz., 4, 1855 

 (applied to Aglemi\it and Kaniagmiut by the 

 people of Norton sd.) Aglahmutes. — Elliott, 

 Cond. AtT. in Alaska. 29, 1874. Agliixtana.— Doros- 

 chin in Radloff, Worterb. d. Kinai-Spr., 29, 1874 



( Knaiakhotsma name). Aglegmguten, — Holm- 

 Ihtj;, Ethnol. .Skizz., 4, 1855. Aglegmiut. — Wor- 

 man <jU(ited bv Dall in Cent. N. A. Ethnol., I, 19, 

 1877. Aglemut.— RadlotT, Worterb. d. Kinai-Spr.. 

 29, 1874. Agolegmiut. — Turner quoted by Dall, 

 op. eit., 19. Agolegmutes. — Latham (1845) in ,J. 

 Ethnol. Soc. Lond., l, 183, 1848. Agolemiiten. — 

 Wrangell. Ethnog. Nachr., 121, 1839. Agool- 

 mutes,— Elliott, Cond. Aff. in Alaska, 29, 1874. 

 Aguljmjuten,— Holmberg, Ethnol. Skizz., 5, 1855. 

 Agulmiiten.— Wrangell, Ethnog. Nachr., 122, 1839. 

 Dog-drivers. — Petrott', 10th Census Alaska, 164. 

 1884. Oglemut.— Dall, op. cit., 19. Oglemutes.— 

 Dall in Proe. A. A. A. S., 267, 1869. O'gulmut.— 

 Dall in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., l, 19, 1877. Sewer- 

 nowskije. — Radloff, Worterb. d. Kinai-Spr., 29. 

 l.S74i • Udrtherncr ': Russian name) . Svernofftsi. — 

 Dall in (lont.N. A. Ethnol., I. 19,1877. Tchouktchi 

 americani, — Balbi quoted by Dall, ibid. Tindi 

 suxtana.— Dawydof quoted by Radloflf. Wiirterb. 

 d. Kinai-Spr., 29, 1874 (Kinai name). Tuntu sux- 

 tana, — Dorf>scl)in (|Uoted, ibid. Tyndysiukhtana. — 

 I'etroff, Alaska, 164, 1884. 



Aglutok. An Eskimo settlement in 

 s. w, Greenland. Ruins found there are 

 supposed to be those of former Norse set- 

 tlers. — Crantz, Hist. Greenland, i, 18, 

 1767. 



Agomekelenanak, An Eskimo village 

 in the Kuskokwim district, Alaska. Pop. 

 15 in 1890. 



Ahgomekhelanaghamiut. — 11th Census, Alaska, 

 164, 1893. 



Agomiut ( ' people of the weather side ' ) . 

 A tribe of Eskimo inhabiting a region of 

 N. Baffin land bordering on Lancaster 

 sd., consisting of two subtribes — the 

 Tununirusirmiut in the w., about Admi- 

 ralty inlet, and the Tununirmiut in the 

 E., "about Eclipse sd. They hunt the 

 narwhal and the white whale in Eclipse 

 sd., and in search of seals sometimes 

 cross the ice on sledges to North Devon, 

 there coming in contact with the natives 

 of Ellesmere land. 



Agreements. See Governmental Poliaj, 

 Reservations, Treaties. 



Agriculture. An opinion long prevailed 

 in the minds of the people that the In- 

 dians N. of Mexico were, previous to and 

 at the time Europeans began to settle 

 that part of the continent, virtually 

 nomads, having no fixed abodes, and 

 hence practising agriculture to a very 

 limited extent. Why this opinion has 

 been entertained by the masses, who 

 have learned it from tales and traditions 

 of Indian life and warfare as they have 

 been since the estalilishment of European 

 colonies, can be readily understood, but 

 why writers who have had access to the 

 older records should thus speak of them 

 is not easily explained, when these rec- 

 ords, speaking of the temperate regions, 

 almost without exception notice the fact 

 that the Indians were generally found, 

 from the border of the western plains to 

 the Atlantic, dwelling in settled villages 

 and cultivating the soil. De Soto found all 

 the tribes that he visited, from the Florida 

 peninsula to the western part of Arkan- 

 sas, cultivating maize and various other 

 food jilants. The early voyagers found 

 the same thing true along the Atlantic 



