BOLL. 30] 



ALEXANDROVSK ALGIC 



87 



great their distinguiphiug traits these 

 have resuhed in tlie hii>se of time from 

 their iusalar position and {)ecahar en- 

 vironment. Dall considers the evidence 

 from the shell heaps conclnsive as to 

 the identity with the continental Es- 

 kimo of the early inhabitants of the 

 islands as regards implements and w^eap- 

 ons. The testimony afforded by language 

 seems to be equally conclusive, though 

 perhaps less evident. The Aleut lan- 

 guage, though differing greatly from the 

 dialects of the mainland, possesses many 

 words who.se roots are common to the 

 P^skimo tongues. The Aleut are divided, 

 chiefly on dialectal grounds, into Un- 

 alaskans, who inhabit the Fox ids., the 

 w. part of Alaska pen., and the Shu- 

 magin ids., and Atkans who inhabit the 

 Andreanof, Rat, and Near ids. When 

 tiist visited by the Russians the Aleutian 

 ids. had a n;uch larger population than 

 at present. As compared with the main- 

 land Eskimo and the Indians th'e Aleut 

 are now unwailike and docile, though 

 they fought well when tirst discovered, 

 but had only darts against the Russian 

 firearms and were consequently soon 

 overpowered, and they speedily came 

 under the absolute power of the Russian 

 traders, who treated them with great 

 cruelty and brutality. This treatment 

 had the effect of reducing them, it is said, 

 to 10 per cent of their original number, 

 and the survivors were held in a condition 

 of slavery. Later, in 1794-1818, the Rus- 

 sian Government interfered to regulate 

 the relations between traders and natives 

 with the result of somewhat ameliorat- 

 ing their condition. In 1824 the mis- 

 sionary Veniaminoff began his laljors, and 

 to hm is largely due most of the im- 

 provement, moral and mental. Through 

 his exertions and those of his colabor- 

 ers of the Greek church all the Aleut 

 were Christianized and to some extent 

 educated. 



The population of the Aleutian ids., 

 which before the arrival of the Russians 

 was by their own tradition 25,000 (which 

 estimate, judging by the great nund)er of 

 their village sites, Dall does not think 

 excessive), in 1834, according to Veniami- 

 noff, was 2,247, of whom 1,497 belonged 

 to the E. or Unalaskan division and 750 

 to the w. or Atkan division. Accord- 

 ing to Father Shaiesnekov there were 

 about 1,400 on the Aleutian ids. in 1848. 

 After the epidemic of smallpox in that 

 year some 900 were left. In 1874 Dall 

 estimated the population at 2,005, includ- 

 ing mixed bloods. According to the cen- 

 sus of 1890 there were 968 Aleut and 734 

 mixed-bloods, total 1,702; in 1900 the 

 statistics of the previous decade were 

 repeated. 



The following are Aleut villages: Aku- 



tan, Attn, Avatanak, Belkofski, Biorka, 

 Chernofski, Eider, Iliuliuk, Kasheega, 

 Korovinski, Makushin, Mashik, Mor- 

 zhovoi, Nateekin, Nazan, Nikolaief, Nik- 

 olski, Pavlof, Pogromni, Popof, St George, 

 St Paul, Sannak, Unga, Vossnessenski. 

 The following villages no longer exist: 

 Agulok, Akun, Alitak, Artelnof, Beaver, 

 Chaliuknak, Ikolga, Imagnee, Itchadak, 

 Kalekhta, Kutchlok, Riechesni, Seredka, 

 Sisaguk, Takamitka, Tigalda, Totchikala, 

 Tulik, Ugamitzi, Uknodok, Unalga, Ve- 

 selofski. The following ruined places 

 have been discovered on a single island, 

 Agattu, now uninhal)ite<l: Agonakagna, 

 Atknlik, Atkigyin, Hachimuk, Hamnu- 

 lik, Hanilik, Hapkug, Higtiguk, Hilk- 

 suk, Ibin, Imik, Iptugik, Isituchi, Ka- 

 kuguk, Kamuksusik, Kaslukug, Kig- 

 sitatok, Kikchik, Kikun, Kimituk, Ki- 

 tak, Kuptagok, Magtok, Mukugnuk, 

 Navisok, Siksatok, Sunik, Ugiatok, Ugti- 

 kun, Ugtumuk, Ukashik. 

 Aleouteans.— Drake, Bk. cif Inds., bk. r, 16, 1848. 

 Aleuten.— Holmberg, Elhnol. Skizz., 7, 1855. 

 Aleuts.— Dall in Proc. Cai. Acad. Sci., iv, 35, 

 1M73. Aleyut.—Coxe, Riiss. Disc, 219, 1787. Alla- 

 yume.— Powell in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., in, 553, 1877 

 (Olamentke name). Cagatsky. — Mahoney (1869) 

 in Senate Ex. Due. (W. 4i.st Cong., 2d sess., 19, 

 1870 ('easterners': Russianized form of Aleut 

 name). Kagataya-Koung'ns. — Humboldt, New 

 Spain, II, 340, 1iS2l! (own name: ' men of the east'; 

 refers only to the .\leut living e. of Umnak 

 str. in contradistinction to the tribes w. of it. — 

 Dall, inf'n, 1905). KataghayeMki. — Oixe, Russ. 

 Di.sc, I, 219, 1787. Khagan'-taya-khiin'-khin. — 

 Dall in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., i, 22. I.s77 (sig. ' east- 

 ern people'). Kxagantaiafioun&in. — Pinart In 

 M(5m. Soc. Ethnol. I'aris, xi. l.=)7, 1872 (name of 

 natives of Shumagin ids. and of Aleut of Alaska 

 pen: ' men of the east'). Oonangan, — Veniami- 

 notf quoted by Petrotf , 10th Census, Alaska, 146, 

 1884. Taiahounhins. — Pinart in Mem. Soc. Ethnol. 

 Paris, XI. l.=)8, 1872 (own name: 'men'). Takha- 

 yuna.— Petroff, 10th Census, Alaska, 146, 1884 

 (Knaiakhotana name). Taxeju-na, — Davidof in 

 Radloff, Worterb., d. Kinni-.'^pr., 29, 1874. Tax- 

 emna, — Dorosehin in Raillotf, Wiirterb., d. Kinai- 

 Spr., 29, 1874 (Knaiakhotana name). Tiyakh'u- 

 nin. — Pinart, op. cit. Unangan^^.Vpplegate in 

 11th Census, Alaska, 85, 1893. U-nung'iin.— Dall 

 in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., i, '22, 1877 (own national 

 name). 



Alexandrovsk. A Kaniagmiut village 

 and trading post on Graham harbor, 

 Alaska; pop. 88 in 1880, 107 in 1890. 

 Alexandrousk. — Post route map, 1903. Alexan- 

 drovsk.— FetrofT, 10th Census, Alaska, '29, 1884. 

 English Bay.— 11th Census, Alaska, 163, 1.S93. Port 

 Graham. — Ibid., 68. 



Alexeief. A Chnagmiut village in the 

 Yukon delta, Alaska; po]). 1(3 in 1880. 

 Alexeiefs Odinotchka. — PetrolY, 10th Census, 

 Alaska, 12, 1.8.84 ('.Vlexeief's trading post'). 



Algic. A term applied by H. R. School- 

 craft to the Algonquian tribes and lan- 

 guages, and used occasionally by other 

 writers since his time. Algique is em- 

 ployed by some Canadian French essay- 

 ists. Schoolcraft himself (Ind. Tribes, v, 

 5.36, 1855) includes the term in his list of 

 words of Indian origin. The word seems 

 to be formed arbitrarily from Alg, a part 

 of Algonkin, and the English adjectival 

 termination ic. (a. f. c. ) 



