BULL. 301 



AMUSHUNGKWA ANADARKO 



51 



practice with arrows, knives, or hatchets, 

 thrown from the hand, as well as with the 

 bow or rifle, was also universal among 

 the warriors and boys of • the various 

 tribes. The gaming arrows were of 

 special <lesign an<l oruamentation, and 

 the game itself had often a symbolic 

 purpose. Horse races, frequently inter- 

 tribal, were prominent amusements, 

 especially on the plains, during the warm 

 season, and foot races, often elaborately 

 ceremonial in character, were common 

 among the sedentary agricultural tribes, 

 particularly the Pueblos and the Wichita. 



Games resembling dice and hunt-the- 

 button were found everywhere and were 

 played by l)oth sexes alike, ])articularly 

 in the tipi or the wigwam during the long 

 winter nights. The dice, or their equiva- 

 lents, were of stone, bone, fruit seeds, 

 shell, wood, or reed, variously shaped and 

 marked. They were thrown from the 

 hand or from a small basket or wooden 

 bowl. One form, the awl game, confined 

 to the women, was played around a 

 blanket, which had various tally marks 

 along the border for marking the prog- 

 ress of the game. The hunt-the-button 

 games were usually accompanied with 

 songs and rhythmic movements of the 

 hands and body, intended to confuse the 

 parties whose task was to guess the loca- 

 tion of the l)utton. Investigations V)y 

 Culin show a close correspondence l)e- 

 tween these Indian games and those of 

 China, Japan, Korea, and northern Asia. 



Special women's games were shinny, 

 football, and the deer-foot game, be- 

 sides the awl game already noted. In 

 football the main object was to keep the 

 ball in the air as long as )>ossiI)le by kick- 

 ing it upward. The deer-foot game was 

 played, sometimes also by men, with a 

 number of perforated bones from a deer's 

 foot, strung upon a beaded cord, having a 

 needle at one end. The purpose was to 

 toss the bones in such a way as to catch 

 a particular one upon the end of the 

 needle. 



Among the children there were target 

 shooting, stilts, slings, and tops f<^r the 

 boys, and buckskin dolls and playing- 

 h6use for the girls, with "wolf" or 

 "catcher," and various forfeit plays, in- 

 cluding a l)reath-holding test. Cats'-cra- 

 dles, or string figures, as well as shuttle- 

 cocks and buzzes, were conunon. As 

 among civilized nations, the cliildren 

 found the greatest delight in imitating 

 the occupations of the el<lers. Numerous 

 references to amusements among the va- 

 rious tribes may lie found throughout the 

 annual reports of the Bureau of American 

 Ethnology. Consult especially Games of 

 the American Indians, by Stewart Culin, 

 24th Rep. B. A. E., 1905. See Ball play, 

 Dance, Games, (j. m. ) 



Amushungkwa. A former pueblo of the 

 Jemez on a mesa w. of the Hot Springs, 

 about 12 m. n. of Jemez pueblo, N. 

 Mex. It was abandoned prior to the 

 revolt of 1680. See Patoqua. 

 Amo-shium-qua. — Bundelicr in Arch. IiLst. Papers, 

 III, pt. ], 127, 1S90. Amo-xium-qua. — Bandelier 

 (1S8S) in Proc. Intcrnat. ('(inff. Am., vri. 452, 1890. 

 Amoxunqua. — Zi'iratt'-Saliiu'ron (c<i. 1G29) in Land 

 of Sunshine, 1.S3, Feli., 190U. Amoxunque. — Ban- 

 di'lier in Arch. Inst. Pajiers. iii, pt. 1, 127,1890. 

 Amushungkwa.— Hii(lf,'e, tit'ld-ni)tes, B. A. E., 189.5. 



Amutaja. A former village, presuma- 

 bly Costanoan, connected with Dolores 

 mission, San Francisco, Cal. — Tavlor in 

 Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Ana. The Tobacco clan of the Zuiii. 

 Ana-kwe.— Gushing in 13th Rep. B. A. E., 368, 1896 

 {kwe=' people'). 



Ana. A village of 70 Papago in 1865, 

 probably in Pima co., s. Ariz. — Ind. 

 Aff. Rep., 135, 1865. 



Anacbuc. A Chumashan village w. of 

 Puebk) de las Canoas (San Buenaven- 

 tura), Ventura co., Cal., in 1542. — Ca- 

 brillo (1542) in Smith, Coll. Doc. Fla., 

 181,1857. 



Anacarck. — Cabrillo (juoted by Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, Apr. 17, 18(13. Anacbue. — Ibid. 



Anacharaqua. A village in Florida, 

 subject to Utina, i-hief of the Timucua, in 

 1564. The De Bry map places it e. of 

 lower St Johns r. 



Anacharaqua.— Laudonniere (1564) in French. 

 Hist. Cdll. La., n. s., 243, 1869. Anachatagua.— 

 Barcia, Ensayo, 48, 1723. Onachaquara,— De Bry, 

 map (1.591) in Le Moyne, Narr., .\pi)Iet(in trans., 

 1875 (transposed?). 



Anachorema. A village visited by La 

 Salle in 1 687. According t( > I )ouay ( Shea, 

 Discov. Miss., 210, 1852) it was" on the 

 "first Cane r." n. k. of La Salle's Ft St 

 Louis on St Bernard (^latagorda) bay, 

 Texas. Thwaites (Hennepin, New Dis- 

 cov., II, 420, 1903) regards the stream as 

 probably the Rio Colorado of Texas. 



Anacoac. A Chumashan village be- 

 tween (jroletaand Pt Conception, Cal., in 

 1542.— Cabrillo (1542) inSmitii, Coll. Doc. 

 Fla., 189, 1857. 



Almacoac. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 17, 1863. — 

 Anacoat.— Cabrillo, op. cit., 183. 



Anacot. A Chumashan village between 

 Goleta and Pt Conception, Cal., in 1542 

 (Cabrillo (1542) in Smith, Coll. Doc, 183, 

 1857) ; evidently distinct from Anacoat. 



Anadarko (from NiidiVko, their own 

 name ) . A tribe of the Caddo confederacy 

 whose dialect was spoken by the Kado- 

 hadacho, Hainai, and Adai. The earliest 

 mention of tlie people is in the relation of 

 Biednia( 1544), who writesthatMoscosoin 

 1542 led his men during their southward 

 march through a province that lay k. of 

 the Anadarko. The territory occujiied 

 by the tribe was s. w. of the Kadohadacho. 

 Their villages were scattered along Trin- 

 ity and Brazos rs., Tex., higher up than 

 those of the Hainai, ancl do not seem to 

 have been visited so early as theirs by the 

 French. A Spanish mission was estab- 



