BULL. 30] 



ANVILS APACHE 



63 



in 1890, 100 natives and 91 whites; in 

 1900, 166. An Episcopal mission and 

 school were established there in 1887. 

 Anvic. — Whymper. Alaska, 26.'>, 1869. Anvig. — 

 Zagoskin quoted bv Petroff. 10th Censu.s. Alaska, 

 37, 18S4. Anvik,— Petroff, ibid., 12. 



Anvils. Primitive workers in metal 

 were dependent on anvil stones in shap- 

 ing their implements, utensils, and orna- 

 ments. Anvils were probably not espe- 

 cially shaped for the purpose, but con- 

 sisted of bowlders or other natural masses 

 of stone, fixed or movable, selected ac- 

 cording to their fitness for the particular 

 purpose for which they were employed. 

 Few of these utensils have been identi- 

 fied, however, and the types most utilized 

 by the tribes are left to conjecture. The 

 worker in stone also sometimes used a 

 solid rock body on which to break and 

 roughly shape masses of flint and other 

 stone. These are found on many sites 

 where stone was quarried and wholly or 

 partially worked into shape, the upper 

 surface showing the marks of rough usage, 

 while fragments of stone left by the work- 

 men are scattered about, (w. h. h.) 



Anyukwinn. A ruined pueblo of the 

 Jemez, situated n. of the present Jemez 

 pueblo, N. central N. Mex. 

 Anu-quil-i-gui. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, 

 IV, pt. 2, 207, 1892. Anyukwinu.— Hodge, field 

 notes, B. A. E., 1895. 



Aogitunai {^Ao-gttAnd^-l, 'Masset inlet 

 gituns'). A Masset subdivision residing 

 in the town of Yaku, opposite North id., 

 and deriving their name from INIasset in- 

 let, Queen Charlotte ids., British Colum- 

 bia.— Swanton, Cont. Haida, 275, 1905. 



Aogni. A former Chumashan village in 

 Ventura CO., Cal. — Tavlor in Cal. Farmer, 

 July 24, 1863. 



Aokeawai {^Ao-qe^awa-i, 'those born in 

 the inlet'). A division of the Raven 

 clan of the Skittagetan family which re- 

 ceived its name from Masset inlet. Queen 

 Charlotte ids., British Columbia, where 

 these people formerly lived. Part of 

 them, at least, were settled for a time at 

 Dadens, whence all finally went to Ala.ska. 

 There were two subdivisions: Hling- 

 wainaashadai and Taolnaashadai. — Swan- 

 ton, Cont. Haida, 272, 1905. 

 Kao-ke'-owai^— Boas. 12th Rep. N. W. Tribes. 22, 

 1898. Eeo Haade. — Harrison in Trans. Roy. Soc. 

 Can., sec. ii, 12-'i, 189.5. 



Aondironon. A branch of the Neutrals 

 whose territory l)ordered on that of the 

 Huron in w. Ontario. In 1648, owing to 

 an alleged breach of neutrality, the chief 

 town of this tribe was sacked by 300 Iro- 

 (|uois, mainly Seneca, who killed a large 

 number of its iniial)itahts and carried 

 away manv others in captivity. — Jes. 

 Rel. for 1640, 35, 1858. 



Ahondihronnons. — Jes. Rel. for 1656, 34, 18.58. Aon- 

 dironnons.— Jes. Rel. for 1648, 49, 18.58. Ondi- 

 ronon.— Ibid., HI, index. 1S58. 



Aopomue. A former Maricopa ranche- 

 ria on Rio Gila, s. w. Arizona. — Sedel- 



mair (1744) quoted by Bancroft, Ariz, 

 and N. Mex., 366, 1889. 



AoreacMc ('where there is mountain 

 cedar' ). A small rancheria of the Tara- 

 humare, not far from Norogachic, Chi- 

 huahua, Mexico. Also called Agorichic; 

 distinct from Aboreachic. — Lumholtz, 

 inf'n, 1894. 



Aostlanlnagai (''Ao KL.'an Inagd'i, 'Mas- 

 set inlet rear-town people'). A local 

 subdivision of the Raven clan of the 

 Skittagetan family. Masset inlet gave 

 them the separate name. — Swanton, Cont. 

 Haida, 271, 1905. 

 Stl'EngE la' nas,— Boas, 12th Rep. N. W Tribes, 



22, 1898. 



Aoyakulnagai {^-Ao yd' ku Inagd' i, 'mid- 

 dle town people of Masset inlet'). A 

 branch of the Yakulanas division of the 

 Raven clan of the Skittagetan family, 

 which received the name from Masset 

 inlet, where its town stood. — Swanton, 

 Cont. Haida, 271, 1905. 

 G-anyakoilnagai. — Boas. 12th Rep. N. \V. Tribes, 



23, isys I priilialily amisprint for G'auyakoilnagai, 

 its name in the Skidegate dialect). Ou yaku 

 Ilnige. — Harrison in Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., 126, 

 1895. 



Apache (probably from dpachu, 'en- 

 emy,' the Zuiai name for the Navaho, 

 who were designated "Apaches de Na- 

 baju" by the early Spaniards in New 

 Mexico). A number of tribes forming 

 the most southerly group of the Athapas- 

 can family. The name has been applied 

 also to some unrelated Yuman tribes, as 

 the Apache Mohave (Yavapai) and 

 Apache Yuma. The Apache call them- 

 selves N'de, Dine, Tinde, or Inde, 'people.' 

 {See Athapascan. ) 



They were evidently not so numerous 

 about the beginning of the 17th century 

 as in recent times, their numbers appar- 

 ently having been increased by captives 

 from other tribes, particularly the Pue- 

 blos, Pima, Papago, and other peaceful 

 Indians, as well as from the settle- 

 ments of northern Mexico that were 

 gradually established within the territory 

 raided by them, although recent meas- 

 urements by Hrdlicka seem to indicate 

 unusual freedom from foreign admix- 

 ture. They were first mentioned as 

 Apaches by Onate in 1598, although Cor- 

 onado, in 1541, met the Querechos (the 

 Vaqueros of Benavides, and j^robably the 

 Jicarillas and Mescaleros of modern 

 times) on the plains of e. N. Mex. and w. 

 Tex. ; but there is no evidence that the 

 Apache reached so far w. as Arizona until 

 after the middle of the 16th century. 

 From the time of the Sjianish colonization 

 of New Mexico until within twenty years 

 they have been noted for their warlike 

 disposition, raiding white and Indian 

 settlements alike, extending their dep- 

 redations as far south wan! as Jalisco, 

 Mexico. No group of tribes has caused 



