BULL. 30] 



APACHE 



65 



Carlos Chiricahua, and between July, 

 1881, and Ajiril, 1882, continued the raids 

 across the border until he was again 

 driven back in Chihuahua. While these 

 hostilities were in progress in New Mex- 

 ico and Chihuahua the Chiricahua of San 

 Carlos were striking terror to the settle- 

 ments of Arizona. In 1880 Juh and Ge- 

 ronimo with 108 followers were captured 

 and returned to San Carlos. In 1881 

 trouble arose among the White Moun- 

 tain Coyoteros on Cibicu cr. , owing to a 

 med!cine-mannamedNakaidoklini(q.v.), 

 who pretended power to revive the dead. 

 After paying him liberally for his services, 

 his adherents awaited the resurrection 

 until August, when Nakaidoklini avowed 

 that his incantations failed because of the 

 presence of whites. Since affairs were as- 

 suming a serious aspect, the arrest of the 

 prophet was ordered; he surrendered 

 quietly, but as the troops were making 

 camp the scouts and other Indians opened 

 fire on them. After a sharp tight Nakai- 

 doklini was killed and his adherents were 

 repulsed. Skirmishes continued the next 

 day, but the troops were reenforced, and 

 the Indians soon surrendered in small 

 bands. Two chiefs, known as George 

 and Bonito, who had not been engaged 

 in the White Mountain troubles, surren- 

 dered to Gen. Wilcox on Sept. 25 at 

 Camp Thomas, Ixit were paroled. On 

 Sept. 30 Col. Riddle was sent to bring 

 these chiefs and their bands back to 

 Camp Thomas, but they became alarmed 

 and tied to the Chiricahua, 74 of whom 

 left the reserve, and, crossing the Mexi- 

 can border, took refuge with the late 

 Victorio's band in Chihuahua. In the 

 same year Nana made one of his bloody 

 raids across the line, and in September 

 Juh and Nahchi, with a party of Chirica- 

 hua, again fled from the reservation, and 

 were forced by the troops into Mexico, 

 where, in April, 1882, they were joined 

 by Geronimo and the rest of the hostile 

 Chiricahua of San Carlos, with Loco and 

 his Ojo Caliente band. The depredations 

 committed in n. Chihuahua under Geron- 

 imo and other leaders were perhaps even 

 more serious than those within the limits 

 of the United States. In March, 1883, 

 Chato with 26 followers made a dash into 

 New IMexico, murdering a dozen persons. 

 Meanwhile the white settlers on the 

 upper Gila consumed so much of the 

 water of that stream as to threaten the 

 Indian crops; then coal was discovered 

 on the reservation, which brought an in- 

 flux of miners, and an investigation by 

 the Federal grand jury of Arizona on Oct. 

 24, 1882, charged the mismanagement of 

 Indian affairs on San Carlos res. to local 

 civil authorities. 



Gen. G. H. Crook havingbeen reassigned 

 to the command, in 1882 induced about 



Bull. 30—05 5 



1,500 of the hostiles to return to the reser- 

 vation and subsist by their own exertions. 

 The others, about three-fourths of the 

 tribe, refused to settle down to reservation 

 life and repeatedly went on theAvarpath; 

 when promptly followed by Crook they 

 would surrender and agree to peace, but 

 would soon break their promises. To this 

 officer had been assigned the task of bring- 

 ing the raiding Apache to terms in co- 

 operating with the Mexican troops of 

 Sonora and Chihuahua. In May, 1883, 

 Crook crossed the boundary to the head- 

 waters of the Rio Yaqui with 50 troops 

 and 163 Apache scouts; on the 13th the 

 camp of Chato and Bonito was discovered 

 and attacked with some loss to the Indians. 

 Through two captives employed as emis- 

 saries, communication was soon had with 

 the others, and by May 29 354 Chiri- 

 cahua had surrendered. On July 7 the 

 War Department assumed police control 

 of the San Carlos res., and on Sept. 1 

 the Apache were placed under the sole 

 charge of Crook, who began to train them 

 in the ways of civilization, with such suc- 

 cess that in 1884 over 4,000 tons of grain, 

 vegetables, and fruits were harvested. 

 In Feb., 1885, Crook's powers were cur- 

 tailed, an act that led to conflict of au- 

 thority between the civil and military offi- 

 cers, and before matters could be adjusted 

 half the Chiricahua left the reservation in 

 May and fled to their favorite haunts. 

 Troops and Apache scouts were again sent 

 forward, and many skirmishes took place, 

 but the Indians were wary, and again 

 Arizona and New Mexico were thrown 

 into a state of excitement and dread by 

 raids across the American border, re- 

 sulting in the murder of 73 white people 

 and many friendly Apache. In Jan., 

 1886, the American camp under Capt. 

 Crawford was attacked through misun- 

 derstanding by Mexican irregular Indian 

 troops, resulting in Crawford's death. 

 By the following March the Apache 

 became tired of the war and asked for a 

 parley, which Crook granted as formerly, 

 but before the time for the actual sur- 

 render of the entire force arrived the 

 wily Geronimo changed his mind and 

 with his immediate band again fled be- 

 yond reach. His escape led to censure of 

 Crook's policy; he was consequently re- 

 lieved at his own request in April, and 

 to Gen. Nelson A. Allies was assigned 

 the completion of the task. Geronimo 

 and his band finally surrendered Sept. 4, 

 1886, and with numerous friendly Apache 

 were sent to Florida as prisoners. They 

 were later taken to Mt Vernon, Ala., 

 thence to Ft Sill, Okla., where they have 

 made progress toward civilization. Some^ 

 of the hostiles were never captured, but 

 remained in the mountains, and as late 

 as Nov., 1900, manifested their hostile 



