68 



APALACHICOLA. 



[B. A. E. 



tribes for their fighting qualities, of which 

 the Spanish adventurers had good proof. 

 They continued resistance to the Spanish 

 occupancy until after the year 1600, but 

 were finally subdued and Christianized, 

 their country becoming the most import- 

 ant center of missionary effort in Florida 

 next to the St Augustine (Tinmcua) dis- 

 trict. In 1655 they had 8 considerable 

 towns, each with a Franciscan mission, 

 besides smaller settlements, and a total 

 population of 6,000 to 8,000. Their pros- 

 perity continued until about the year 

 1700, when they began to suffer from the 

 raids by the wild Creek tribes to the n., 

 instigated by the English government of 

 Carolina, the Apalachee themselves being 

 strongly in the Spanish interest. These 

 attacksculminated in the year 1703, when 

 a powerful expedition under Gov. Moore 

 of Carolina, consisting of a company of 

 white troops with a thousand armed sav- 

 age allies of various tribes, invaded the 

 Apalachee country, destroyed the towns 

 and missions, witli their fields and orange 

 groves, killed the Spanish garrison com- 

 mander and more than 200 Apalachee 

 warriors, and carried off 1,400 of the tribe 

 into slavery. Another expedition about 

 a year later ravaged the neighboring ter- 

 ritory and completed the destruction. 

 The remnants of the Apalachee became 

 fugitives among the friendly tribes or fled 

 for protection to the French at Mobile, 

 and although an effort was made by one 

 of the Christian chiefs in 1718 to gather 

 some of them into new mission villages 

 (Soledad and San Luis) near Pensacola, 

 the result was only temporarily success- 

 ful. A part of the deported Apalachee 

 were colonized by the Carolina govern- 

 ment on Savannah r., at a settlement 

 known as Palachoocla (Palachi-okla), or 

 Apalachicola, but were finally merged 

 into the Creeks. Those who settled under 

 French protection near Mobile crossed 

 the Mississippi into Louisiana after the 

 cession of Florida to England in 1763, and 

 continued to preserve their name and 

 identity as late, at least, as 1804, when 14 

 families were still living on Bayou Rapide. 

 Among the principal Apalachee towns or 

 mission settlements of certain identifica- 

 tion are Apalachee (1528-39 and later, 

 believed to have been near the present 

 Tallahassee), Ayavalla, Ivitachuco, San 

 Marcos, San Juan, Santa Cruz, San Luis 

 (1718), and Soledad (1718). Consult 

 Bareia, Ensayo, 1723; Sibley, Hist. 

 Sketches, 1806; Shea, Catholic Missions, 

 1855; Gatschet, Creek Migr. Legend, i, 

 1884. (.1. M.) 



Abalache.— Fontaneda(Ort. 1559) in Doc. In^d., v, 

 537, 1866. Abalachi.— Fontaiieda in Ternanx Com- 

 pans, XX, 19, 1841. Abolachi.— French, Hist. Coll., 

 II, 256, 1875. Apahlahche.— Brinton, Florida, 92, 

 1859. Apalaccium.— Morelli, Fasti Novl Orbis, 20, 

 1776. Apalacha.— Quesada (1792) in Am. State 



Pap., Ind. Afl., I, 303, 1832. Apalache.— Biedma 

 (1544) in Smith, Colec. Doc. F!a., 47, 1857. Apa- 

 lachen.— Cabeza de Vaca (1.528), Smith trans., 35, 

 1871. Apalachia,— Linsclidten, Description de 

 I'Amer., 6, 10o8. Apalachians. — Harris, Voy. and 

 Trav., II, 275, 1706. Apalachias.— McKenney and 

 Hall, Ind. Tribes, lli, 80, 1^54. Apalachinos. — Bar- 

 eia, Ensayo, 329, 1723. Apalachins.— Jefferys, Fr. 

 Doms. Am., pt. 1, 161, 1761. Apalachis.^Rafin- 

 esque, introd. to Marshall, Ky., i, 23, 1824. Apa- 

 lachita.— Hervas, Idea dell' ("niverso, xvii, 90, 

 1784 (name of language). Apalachites. — Old- 

 mixon, Brit. Emp., II, 229,1708. Apalans. — Rafin- 

 esque, introd. to Marshall, Ky., i, 23, 1824 (gen- 

 eral term, nsed for several unrelated tribes). 

 Apalatchees.— Rivers, Hist. S. C, 94, 1856. Apa- 

 latchia.— Carroll, Hist. Coll. S. C, ii, 575, 1836. 

 Apalatchy. — Coxe, Carolana,22, 1741. Apalatci. — 

 De Bry, Brev. Narr., ii, map, 1591. Apalchen. — 

 Mercator, map (1.569), quoted in Maine Hist. Coll., 

 I, 392,1869. Apalehen. — Rafinesque in introd. to 

 Marshall, Ky., l, 23, 1824. Apallachian Indians. — ■ 

 Mills, S. (1, 222. 1826. Apelash.— Woodward, 

 Reminiscences, 79, 18-59. Apeolatei, — Brinton, 

 Florida, 92, 1S.59. Apilaches. — Woodward, op. cit., 

 25. Apilashs. — Ibid., 39. Apolacka.— Holden 

 (1707) in N. C. Col. Records, i, 664, 1886. Apo- 

 lashe.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iii, .585, 1853. 

 Appalaches, — Dumont, La., I, 134, 17.53. Appala- 

 chians.— Mills, S. C, 107, 1826. Appalachites.— 

 Schoolcraft in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll., 79, 1844. 

 Appalachos.— Boudinot, Star in West, 125, 1816. 

 Appallatcy.— French, Hist. Coll., ll, 266, 1875. Ap- 

 pallatta.— Brinton, Florida, 92, 1859. Appela- 

 thas. — Moll, mapin Hinnphreys, Hist. Acct., 1730. 

 Appellachee.— Humphreys, Hist. Acct., 98, 1730. 

 Asphalashe.— Clarkeand Cassin H. R. Ex. Doc. 117, 

 20th Cong., 100, 1829. Palaehe.— Cabeza de Vaca 

 (1.527), Smith trans.. 25, 1871. Palachees. — Coxe, 

 Carolana, 22, map, 1741. Palatcy,— French, Hist. 

 Coll., II, 256, 1875. Palaxy.— Brinton, Florida, 92, 

 18.59. Peluches.— N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vn, 641, 

 1856. Tlapans. — Rafinesque, Introd. to Marshall, 

 Ky., I, 23. 1.S24 (given as an "Apalahan" prov- 

 ince). Valachi.— Fontaneda in Doc. Incd., v, 

 .538, 1866. 



Apalachicola (possibly 'people on the 

 other side'). A Hitchiti town formerly 

 situate on the w. bank of lower Chatta- 

 hoochee r., Ala., a short distance below 

 Chiaha, nearly opposite the present Co- 

 lumbus, Ga. Formerly one of the most 

 important Hitchiti settlements, it had lost 

 its importance by 1 799. It was a peace 

 town and received the name Talua-hlako, 

 'great town.' Bartram states that about 

 1750 it was moved up the river, and that 

 the people spoke the Hitchiti dialect. In 

 the abbreviated form Palatchukla the 

 name is applied to jiart of Chattahoo- 

 chee r. below the junction with Flint r. 

 Hodgson (introd. to Hawkins, Sketch) 

 states that "Palachookla," the capital of 

 the confederacy, was a very ancient ITchee 

 town, l)ut this statement may be due to 

 confusion with the later Apalachicola 

 (q. V.) on Savannah r., S. C. The name 

 Apalachicola was also frequently used by 

 both Spaniards and French in the 18th 

 century to include all the Lower Creeks 

 then settled on Chattahoochee r. (.i. m.) 

 Apalachecolo. — Bareia (1718). Ensayo Cron., 336, 

 1723. Apalachicoloes.— Archdale in Carroll, Hist. 

 Coll. S. C. 11, 107, 1707. Apalachicoly.— Iberville 

 (1701) in Margrv, D(?c., iv, .594, 1880. Apalachi- 

 coulys.— Ibid. ,.551. Apalachoocla.— U.S. Ind. Treat. 

 (1814). 162, 1837. Apalachucla.— Bartram, Travels, 

 387, 1791. Apalatehukla.— (Tatschet. Creek Migr. 

 Leg., T, 68, 1,';,S4. Apalatchy-Cola.— Coxe, Carolana, 

 29, 1741. Appalachicolas.— Gallatin, Arch. Am., 96, 



