74 



ARASTE ARCHEOLOGY 



[b. a. B. 



Chariticas.— Dof. of 1828 in Soc. Geosr. Mex., 265, 

 1870 (see Sarrtika, below). Detseka'yaa.— Mooney 

 in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 953. 18'.»r, (Caddo name: 

 'dogeater.s'). Dog-eaters. — KiuKslcy, Stand. Nat. 

 Lib., pt. 6, 153, 1S,S3. Eirichtih-Aruchpahga. — Maxi- 

 milian, op. eit., II, 213 (llidatsa name, German 

 form). E-tah-leh.— Long, Exp. Koeky Mts., n, , 

 192, 1823 (Hldatsa name: 'bison-path Indian.s' 

 [cf. adi, path: mite, bi.son— Matthews] ). Gens 

 des vach,— Clark (1804) in Lewis and Clark Jour- 

 nals, 1, 190,1904 (given as synonymous with " Kun 

 na-nar-wesh " : the name is the Freneh for ' buffalo 

 people'). Hitaniwo'iv.— Mooney in 14th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 953, 189ti (Cheyenne name: ' eloudmen ' or 

 'sky men'). Hi-tan-ne-wo'-i-e. — ten Kate, Syn- 

 onymie, 8, 1884 (Cheyenne name: 'people with 

 teats,' peuple anx tetons, mistaking the 'mother' 

 sign; the name means 'oloud men'). Inuna-ina. — 

 Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 953, 1896 (tribal 

 name: 'our people'). Ita-Iddi.— Maximilian, 

 Travels, ll, '284,1839-1841 (Hidatsa name). I-tun- 

 i-T^o.— Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. Val., 290, 

 1860 (Cheyenne name: 'shy-men', for 'skymen'). 

 Kaninahoic— Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 953, 

 1896 (Chippewa name). Kaninahoich, — Senate 

 Ex. Doe. no. 72, '20th Cong., 104, 18'29. Kanina'- 

 vish.— Moonev in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 953, 1896. 

 Komseka-Ki'nahyup, — Ibid., 954 ('men of the 

 worn-out legiiiiigs': former Kiowa name). Kun 

 na-nar-weshl— Clark (1804) in Lewis and Clark 

 Journals, i, 190, 1904 (given as synonymous with 

 "Gens des vach"). Lapahogi.—Gatsehet, MS. 

 Shawnee vocab., B. A. E., lS79-.su (Shawnee name: 

 singular, Lapaho). Mahpiyato.— Riggs, Dakota 

 Diet., 2d ed., 305, 1890 (Sioux name). MagBpi- 

 yato.— Cook, MS. Yankton vocab., B. A. E., 1882 

 (Yankton name). Maqpi'ato.— Mooney in 14th 

 Rep. B. A. E. ,9.54, 1896 ( • blue cloud": Sioux name). 

 Nia'rhari's-kurikiwa'shuski. — Ibid. (Wichita 

 name). Rapahos,— De Smet, Missions, '253, 1848 

 (Garrard, Wahtoyah, 1*20, 1850, gives this as the 

 Spanish name for them). Rappaho. — Long, Exp. 

 Rocky Mts., ii, 192, 18'23. Sani'ti'ka.— Mooney in 

 14th Rep. B. A. E., 954, 1,896 (Pawnee name, from 

 the Comanche name). Saretika.— Ibid, ('dog 

 eaters': Comanche and Shoshoni name). Sare- 

 tika.— Ibid. (Wichita name, from the Comanche 

 name). Saritch-ka-e,— ten Kate, Synonymie, 8, 

 1884 (Southern Ute name). Sa-ritc'-ka-e.— Ibid. 

 (LUe name). Sa-ri-te'-ka.— Ibid., 9 (Comanche 

 and Caddo name). Sarritehca.— Rejon quoted in 

 Pimentel, Cuadro Descr., ii, 347, 1865 (given as 

 Comanche division). Schaha'.— Maximilian, 

 Travels, ii, '247, 1841 (Arikara name, German form; 

 seemingly an error for Cheyenne). Seratieks. — 

 Burnet (1847) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, i, 239, 

 1853. Seratics.— Bdllaert in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. 

 Loud., II, '265, 1850. Sharetikeh,— Burton, City of 

 the Saints, 176, 1861 (Shoshoni name). Tocani- 

 nambiches. — Perrin du Lac, Voy. Louisianes, 260, 

 1805 (seemingly the Arapaho). 



Araste. An Iroquoian village in 1535 on 

 or near St Lawrence r. , below the site of 

 Quebec— Cartier (1545), Bref Recit, 32, 

 1863. 



Arathcoon. See Raccoon. 

 Arawakan Colony. In addition to the 

 many proofn of conntant communication 

 between the tribes of Florida and those 

 of the We,«t Indian ids. from the earliest 

 period, it is detinitely known that a colony 

 of Indians from Cuba, in quest of the 

 same mythic fountain of youth for which 

 Ponce de Leon afterward searched, landed 

 on the s. w. coast of Florida, within the 

 territory of the Calusa (q. v.), about the 

 period of the discovery of America, and 

 that they were held as i^risoners by the 

 chief of that tribe and formed into a set- 

 tlement whose people kept their separate 

 identity as late at least as 1570. This tra- 

 dition "of a wonderful spring or stream 



upon the mainland of Florida or on one 

 of the adjacent Bahama ids. was common 

 to all the tribes of the larger islands as far 

 south as Porto Rico, and it is probable 

 that more than one party of islanders made 

 a similar attemjit. According to Brinton 

 and other investigators the Indians of 

 Cuba, as well as of the Bahamas and the 

 larger islands, were of the great Arawakan 

 stock, which extends in South America 

 as far as s. Brazil and Bolivia. For the 

 Cuban settlement in Florida see Foiita- 

 neda. Memoir, Smith trans, 1854; Barcia, 

 Ensavo, introd., 1723; Herrera, Hist. 

 (ien.," I, 1720. (j. m. ) 



Arbadaos. A tribe that Cabeza de Vaca 

 (Smith trans., 76, 1851) met during his 

 sojourn in Texas (1527-34) in the vicinity 

 of the Avavares. He descril)es the people 

 as "lank and weak," owing to scarcity 

 of food; and although they seem to have 

 lived in a fertile country they did not 

 cultivate the soil. Their ethnic relations 

 are not known. 



Acubadaos. — Cabeza de Vaca, Smith trans., 84, 1851. 

 Arbadaos.— Ibid., 76. Arbadoes. — Harris, Voy. and 

 Trav., I, 803, 1705. 



Arbaktung. A subdivision of the Akud- 

 nirmiut; they winter generally on C. 

 Bisson, Home bay, Baffin land. — Boas in 

 Deutsche Geog. Bliitt., viii, 34, 1885. 



Archeology. Archeological researches 

 are applied to the elucidation of three 

 principal departments of inquiry : (1 ) The 

 history of the race and the sub-races; (2) 

 the history of the separate families, tribes, 

 and inferior social groups; ( 3 ) the history 

 of culture in its multifarious forms. Ques- 

 tions of origin and antiquity are necessa- 

 rily considered in connection with inves- 

 tigations in each of these departments. In 

 the present article all that can be included 

 is a brief review of the salient features of 

 the archeology of northern America. 



In no part of America are there re- 

 mains of man or his works clearly in- 

 dicating the presence of peoples distinct 

 from the Indian and the Eskimo, or hav- 

 ing culture markedly different in kind 

 and degree from those characterizing the 

 aborigines of historic times. Archeolog- 

 ical researches serve to carry the story of 

 the tribes and their culture back indefi- 

 nitely into the past, although the record 

 furnislied by the various classes of remains 

 grows rapidly less legil)le as we pass be- 

 yond the few well-illumined pages of the 

 historic period. It is now known that 

 the sedentary condition prevailed among 

 the aborigines to a much larger extent 

 than has been generally supposed. The 

 more advanced nations of Middle and 

 South America have been practically sta- 

 tionary for long periods, as indicated by 

 the magnitude of their architectural 

 achievements, and even such primitive 

 groups as the Iroquois, Algonquians, and 



