BULL. 30] 



AEENDAONATIA ARIKARA 



83 



Arendacronons. — Jes. Rel. for 1641, 67, 1858. Aren- 

 daehronons. — Ibid., 83. Arendaenhronons. — les. 

 Eel. t'lir 1642, 82, 1858. Arendarhononons.— .les. 

 Rel. for 1635. 24, 1858. Arendaronnons. — Jes. Rel. 

 forl644,9y, 1S,5S. Arendaronons.— .les. Rel. for 1640, 

 90, 1858. Arendarrhonons.— Jes. Rel. for 1637, 109, 

 1858. Arendoronnon.— Jes. Rel. for 1636, 123, 1858. 

 Avendahs.— Kingslev, Stand. Nat. Hi.st., pt. 6, 154, 

 1883. Enarhonon.— Sagard, Gr. Voy., I, 79,1865. 

 Nation d' Atironta. — Ibid. Nation de la Roche, — 

 Jes. Rel., Ill, index, 18.58. Nation du Rocher. — 

 Jes. Rel. for 16.57, 23, 18.58. Renarhonon. — Sagard, 

 Hi.st. du Can., I, 234, 1865. 



Arendaonatia. A Huron village in On- 

 tario about 1040.— Jes. Eel. for 1637, 159, 

 1858. 

 Anendaonactia. — Ibid.. 165. 



Arente. A Huron village in Ontario 

 about 1640.— Jes. Rel. for 1637, 150, 1S58. 



Argillite (slate). This material, which 

 is much diversified in character, was in 

 very general use by the tri))es n. of 

 Mexico for the manufacture of utensils, 

 implements, and ornaments, and for 

 carvings in general. The typical slates, 

 characterized l)y their decided foliate 

 structure, were used to some extent 

 for implements; but the more massive 

 varieties, such as the greenish striped 

 slates of the Eastern states, the argillite 

 of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the 

 states to the s., and the black slate of 

 the N. W. coast were usually preferred 

 for polished implements and carvings. 

 Argillite was much used by the tribes of 

 the Delaware and Susquehanna valleys, 

 and an ancient quarry of this material, 

 situated at Point Plea.«ant, Pa., has been 

 described by JNlercer (see Mines and Quar- 

 ries). Material from this and other quar- 

 ries in the Appalachian region was used 

 mainly for flaked implements, including 

 leaf-shaped blades, knives, and arrow and 

 spear heads, and these are widely dis- 

 tributed over the Middle Atlantic states. 

 The fine-grained greenish and striped 

 slates of the f]astern and Middle states 

 and Canada were extensive!}' used in the 

 manufacture of several varieties of ob- 

 jects of somewhat prol)lematic use, in- 

 cluding so-called Ijanner-stones, bird- 

 stones, and ])erforated tablets. It is 

 probable that, like the green agates and 

 jadeites of ]\Iexico, some varieties of this 

 stone had special significance with the 

 native tribes. The tribes of the N. W. 

 coast employ a fine-grained slate in their 

 very artistic carvings, which the Haida 

 f)litain chiefly from deposits on Slate 

 cr. , Queen Oharlotte ids. This slate has 

 the desirable qualities of being soft and 

 easily carved when freshly quarried, and 

 of growing harder with time. It is 

 black and takes an excellent polish 

 (Niblack). See Sculpture and Carving, 

 Totem-poles. 



References to the use of argillite and 

 slate occur in many works relating to eth- 

 nologic and archeologic subjects, but are 

 not sufficiently important to be given in 



full. Worthy of special mention are Ab- 

 bott, Prim. Industry, 1881; Holmes in 

 loth Rep. B. A. E., 1897; Mercer in Pubs. 

 Univ. Penn., vi, 1897; Niblack in Rep. 

 Nat. Mus. 1888, 1890; Rau in Smithson. 

 Rep. 1872, 1873; Squier and Davis in 

 Smithson. Cont, i, 1848. (w. h. h. ) 



Arhau. A village or tribe formerly 

 between Matagorda bay and Colorado r., 

 Texas; mentioned to Joutel in 1687 by 

 the Ebahamo Indians. The region was 

 the domain of the Karankawan tribes, 

 with whom the Arhau peojjle were possi- 

 bly affiliated. See Gatschet, Karankawa 

 Inds., Peabody Mus. Papers, i, 35, 46, 

 1891. (a. c. p.) 



Arhan.— Joutel (1687) in French, Hist. Coll. La., 

 I, 137, 1846. Arhau.— Joutel (1687) in Margry, D(iC. 

 in, 288, 1878. 



Aribaiba. A former rancheria of the 

 Sobaipuri, on the Rio San Pedro, not far 

 from its junction with the Gila, in s. Ari- 

 zona. It was visited by Father Kino 

 about 1697. See Arivaipa. 

 Aribabia.— De I'lsle. Map Am., 1703. S, Pantaleon 

 Aribaiba,— Kino (1697) quoted by Bancroft, No. 

 Mex. States, I, 2t;5, 1884. 



Aridian. A term applied to the early 

 occupants of the desert region of the 

 S. W., particularly of s. Arizona, whose 

 culture, as exemplified by their art and 

 other remains, was similar to that of the 

 Zimi. — Cushing in Proc. Int. Cong. Am., 

 VII, 157, 1890. See Pueldos. 

 Original Pueblo. — Ibid. Shiwian.— Ibid, (so called 

 from the similarity in the "Aridian" and the 

 Shiwi or Zuni cultures). 



Arikara (Skidi: arilci 'horn,' referring 

 to the former custom of wearing the hair 

 with two pieces of l)one standing up like 

 horns on each side of the crest; ra, pi. 

 ending). A tribe forming the northern 

 group of the Caddoan linguistic family. 

 In language they differ only dialectically 

 from the Pawnee. 



When the Arikara left the body of 

 their kindred in the S. W. they were asso- 

 ciated with the Skidi, one of the tribes 

 of the Pawnee confederacy. Tradition 

 and history indicate that at some point 

 in the broad Mis.souri valley the Skidi 

 and Arikara parted, the former settling 

 on Loup r., 5s"eb., the latter continuing 

 N. E. , building on the ])]uffs of the Missouri 

 the villages of which traces have been 

 noted nearly as far s. as Omaha. In their 

 northward movement they encountered 

 members of the Siouan family making 

 their way westward. Wars ensued, with 

 intervals of peace and even of alliance 

 between the tribes. When the white 

 race reached the Missouri they found the 

 region inhabited by Siouan "tribes, who 

 said that the old village sites had once 

 been occupied by the Arikara. In 1770 

 French traders established relations with 

 the Arikara, below Cheyenne r., on the 

 Missouri. Lewis and Clark met the 

 tribe 35 years later, reduced in num- 



