KULL. 30] 



BAGIOPA BAGS AND POUCHES 



125 



modern name. It is also, according to 

 Willis{Coll. Me. Hist. Soc.,iv, 103, 1856), 

 nnder the form Abagadusset (from a 

 sachem of that name), the name of a 

 tributary of the Kennebec. It is intro- 

 duced here for the reason tliat Sullivan 

 (Hist. Me., 95, 1795) applies the name, 

 under the plural form Abagadusets, to 

 a body of Indians which, in 1649, resided 

 in this immediate section. V'etromile, 

 however, says: "We are sure there was 

 no Indian village at Castine, called at 

 present Bagaduce, a corruption for 

 matchibignaduvef:, 'water bad to drink.' " 

 Ballard (Rep. U. S. Coast Surv., 1868, 

 248) gives as the full form matche-he-gua- 

 toos, 'bad bay,' referring to a part of Cas- 

 tine harbor, and this is the meaning 

 commonly given. Rasles gives bagadas- 

 sek as meaning 'to shine.' Dr William 

 Jones suggests that the C hippewa paguda- 

 sink, 'windward side,' may be a related 

 term. 



Abagadusets. — Sullivan, Hist. Maine, 9.5, 1795. 

 Chebegnadose. — Purclias (1625) quoted in Maine 

 Hist. Soc. Coll., v, l.i6, 18.57. 



Bagiopa. A tribe of whom Fray Fran- 

 cisco Garces (Diary, 1900) heard in 1776, 

 at which time they lived x. of the Rio 

 Colorado, where they are located on 

 Font's map of 1777. The fact that Padre 

 Eusebio Kino, while near the mouth of 

 the Rio Colorado in 1701, heard of them 

 from other Indians and placed them on the 

 gulf coast of Lower California on his map 

 of that date, has created the impression 

 that the Bagiopa were one of the Lower 

 Colorado Yuman tribes; but because they 

 were never actually seen in this locality 

 by the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries 

 of the period, they are regarded as prob- 

 ably having belonged to the Shoshonean 

 fanuly. The name is apparently of Pi- 

 man origin {opa, 'people'), (f. w. ii. ) 



Acquiora.— Garces (177.5-6), Diary, 489, 1900 (ap- 

 parently a misprint of Baquiova). Bagiopas. — 

 Venegas, Hist. Cal., i, map, 17.59. Bagopas,— 

 Giissefelfl, map, 1797. Bajiopas. — Venesas, Hi.st. 

 Cal., II, 171, 1759. Baquioba.— Garces (1776), Diarv, 

 405-6, 19U0. Baquiova.— Ibid., 444. Raguapuis.— 

 Mayer, Mexico, ii, 38, 1853 (possibly intended for 

 Baguiopas). 



Bagoache. Given by La Chesnaye in 

 1697 (Margry, D^c, vi, 6, 1886) as the 

 name of a country about the n. shore of 

 L. Superior, with a people of the same 

 name numbering from 200 to 300 men. 



Bags and Pouches. Many varieties of 

 bags and pouches were made by the Indi- 

 ans of the United States and were used for 

 a great number of purposes. The costume 

 of the aborigines was universally desti- 

 tute of pockets, and various pouches 

 served in their stead. On occasion arti- 

 cles were tucked away in the clothing or 

 were tied up in I)its of cloth or skin. 

 The blanket also served at times for a 

 bag, and among the P^skimo the woman's 

 coat was enlarged over the shoulders and 



at the back to form a pouch for carrying 

 the baby. The pouch was a receptacle 

 of flexiJDle material for containing vari- 

 ous objects and substances of personal 

 use or ceremony, and was generally an 

 adjunct of costume. The bag, larger and 

 simpler, was used for the gathering, trans- 

 portation, and storage of game and other 

 food. The material was tawed leather of 

 various kinds, tanned leather, rawhide, 

 fur skins, skins of birds; the bladder, 

 stomach or pericardium of animals; cord 

 of babiche, buckskin or wool, hair, bark, 

 fiber, grass, and the like; Itasketry, cloth, 

 beadwork, etc. Rectangular or oval 

 pouches were made with a flap or a gath- 

 ering-string and with a thong, cord, or 

 straj) for attaching them at the shoulder 

 or to the belt. The Hskimo had pouches 

 with a flap that could be wrapped many 

 times around and secured by means of 

 a string and an ivory fastener. The 

 Zuni use, among others, crescent-shaped 

 pouches into the horns of which objects 

 are thrust through a central opening. 

 Bags showed less variety of form. They 

 were scjuare or oblong, deep or shallow, 

 flat or cylindrical. Many of these were 

 provided" with a shoulder band, many 

 with a carrying-strap and a forehead 

 band. The Eskimo bag was provided 

 with an ivory handle, which was fre- 

 quently decorated with etching. Small 

 pouches were used for holding toilet arti- 

 cles, paint, medicine, to])acco, pipes, am- 

 munition, trinkets, sewing tools, fetishes, 

 sacred meal, etc. Large pouches or bags, 

 such as the bandoleer pouch of. the Chip- 

 pewa, held smaller pouches and articles 

 for personal use. 



Bags were made for containing articles 

 to be packed on horses, frequently joined 

 together like saddlebags. The tribes of 

 the far N. made use of large sleeping bags 

 of fur. Most bags and pouches were orna- 

 mented, and in very few other belong- 

 ings- of the Indian were displayed such 

 fertility of invention and such skill in 

 the execution of the decorative and sym- 

 bolic designs. Skin pouches, elaborately 

 ornamented with beadwork, quillwork, 

 pigments, and dyes, were made by various 

 tribes. Decorated bags and wallets of 

 skin are characteristic of the Aleut, Salish, 

 Nez Perces, the northern Athapascan and 

 Algonquian tribes, and the Plains Indi- 

 ans. Bags of textiles and basketry are 

 similarly diversified. Especially note- 

 worthy are the muskemoots of the 

 Thlingchadinne, made of babiche, the 

 bags of the Nez Perces, made of apocynum 

 fiber and corn-husks, the woven hunting 

 bags of northern woodland tribes, and the 

 painted rawhide pouches and bags of the 

 tril)es of the great plains. 



Consult Mason (1) Aboriginal Ameri- 

 can Basketry, Rep. Nat. Mus., 1902, 1904, 



