BL-LL. 30] 



BANNOCK 



129 



For record of discovery and illustra- 

 tions of banner stones see especially Boyle, 

 Prim. Man in Ontario, 1895; 

 Fowke (1) in loth Rep. B. 

 A. E., 1896, (2) Arclueol. 

 Hist. Ohio, 1902; Moore, 

 various memoirs in Jour. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,1894- 

 1905; Moorehead, Prehist. 

 Impls., 1900; Kau in Smith- 

 son. Cont., XII, 1876; Read, 

 Rep. Ohio Centen. ]\Ian- 

 agers, 1877; Sciuier and 

 Davis in .Smithson. Cont., i, 1848; Thomas 

 in 12th Rep. B. A. E., 1894. (w. ii. h.) 



Bannock ( from Po?ia/77, their own name). 

 A Shoshonean tribe whose habitat pre- 

 vious to being gathered on reservations 

 can not be (letinitely outlined. There 

 were two geographic divisions, but refer- 



Related Form with 

 Single Wing and 

 Oval Perforation. 

 Banded Slate; 

 Michigan (i-e) 



WASTAWANA — BANNOCK 



ences to the Bannock do not always 

 note this distinction. The home of the 

 chief division appears to have been s. e. 

 Idaho, whence they ranged into w. Wyo- 

 ming. The country actually claimed 

 by the chief of this southern division, 

 which seems to have l^een recognized by 

 the treaty of Ft Bridger, July 3, 1868, lay 

 between lat. 42° and 45°, and between 

 long. 113° and the main chain of the 

 Rocky mts. It separated the Wihinasht 

 Shoshoni of av. Idaho from the so-called 

 Washaki band of Shoshoni of W.Wyoming. 

 They were found in this region in 1859, 

 and they asserted that this had been 

 their home in the past. Bridger (Ind. 

 Aff. Rep., 363, 1859) had known them in 

 this region as early as 1829. Bonneville 



found them in 1833 on Portneuf r., imme- 

 diately X. of the present Ft Hall res. 

 Many of this division atiiliated with 

 the Washaki Shoshoni, and ])y 1859 had 

 extensively intermarried with them. Ft 

 Hall res. was set apart by Executive 

 order in 1869, and 600 Bannock, in addi- 

 tion to a large number of Shoshoni, con- 

 sented to remain upon it. Most of them 

 soon wandered away, however, and as late 

 as 1874 an appropriation was made to en- 

 able the Bannock and Shoshoni scattered 

 in s. E. Idaho to be moved to the reserva- 

 tion. The Bamiock at Ft Hall were said 

 to number 422 in 1885. The northern 

 division was found by Gov. Stevens in 

 1853 (Pac. R. R. Rep., i, 329, 1855) living 

 on Salmon r. in e. Idaho. Lewis and 

 Clark, who passed through the country 

 of this N. division in 1805, may have in- 

 cluded them under the general term Sho- 

 shoni, unless, as is most likely, these are 

 the Broken Moccasin Indians they men- 

 tion (Expd., Coues ed., ii, 523, 1893). In 

 all pro])ability these Salmon River Ban- 

 nock had recently crossed the mountains 

 from the eastward owing to pressure of 

 the Siksika, since they claimed as their 

 territory s. w. Montana, including the 

 lich areas in which are situated Virginia 

 Citv, Bozeman, and other towns (Ind. 

 Aff. Rep., 289, 1869). Stevens (1853) 

 states that they had been more than deci- 

 mated by the ravages of smallpox and 

 the inroads of the Siksika. It is proba- 

 ble that at no distant time in the past, 

 perhaps before they had acquired horses, 

 the various groups of the entire Bannock 

 tribe were united in one locality in s. e. 

 Idaho, where they were neighbors of the 

 Shoshoni projaer, but their language is 

 divergent from the latter. The Bannock 

 were a widely roving tribe, a character- 

 istic which favored their dispersal and 

 separation into groups. Both the men 

 and the women are well developed; and 

 although Shoshonean in language, in 

 physical characters the Bannock resem- 

 ble more closely the Shahaptian Nez 

 Perces than other Shoshonean Indians. 

 Kroeber reports that the language of the 

 Fort Hall Bannock connects them closer 

 Avith the Ute than with any other Sho- 

 shonean tribe. At the same time Powell 

 and Mooney report that the tribes of av. 

 NcA'ada consider the Bannock very nearly 

 related to themselves. 



The loss of hunting lands, the diminu- 

 tion of the bison herds, and the failure of 

 the Government to render timely relief 

 led to a Bannock outbreak in 1878, the 

 trouble having been of long standing. 

 During the exciting times of the Nez Perce 

 Avar the Bannock Avere forced to remain on 

 their inhospitable reservation, to face the 

 continued encroachment of the Avhites, 

 and to subsist on goods provided from an 



Bull. 30—05- 



-9 



