132 



BARNAKD BASKETKY 



[b. a. e. 



tography, winter counts, medical formu- 

 las, and tribal history were inscribed 

 thereon. Finally it comes into the service 

 of ceremony and religion. Such a series 

 of masks an(l dance regalia as Boas and 

 others found 

 •among the 

 Xwakiutl illus- 

 trates how 

 obligingly 

 bark lends 

 itself to coop- 

 erative activi- 

 ties, whether 

 in amusement, 

 social func- 

 tions, or ado ra- 

 tion of the 

 spirit world. 

 There are also 

 rites connected 

 with gathering 

 and w^orking 

 bark. See 

 Boas in Nat. 

 M u s . R e ]> . 

 1895, 1897; in 

 Hoffman in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1896; 

 Holmes in 3d and 13th Reps. B. A.E., 1884, 

 1896; Jenks in 19th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1900; 

 Jones in Smithson. 

 Rep. 1867, 1872; Ma- 



. Collar of bark ; 

 (boas) 



CEREMONIAL HEAD RINGS OF BARK; KWAKIUTL. (bOAs) 



son (1) in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1887, 1889, (2) 

 ibid., 1894, 1896, (3) ibid., 1902, 1904; 

 Niblack, ibid, 1888, 1890; Turner in 11th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1894. (o. t. m.) 



Barnard. See Timjwochee Barnard. 



Barrancas {Las Barrancas, Span.: 'the 

 ravines ' ). Formerly a small village, ap- 

 parently of the Piros, on the Rio Grande, 

 near Socorro, N. Mex; evidently aban- 

 doned during the Pueblo revolt of 1680. 



La Barrancas.— Kitchin, map N. A., 1787. las 

 Barancas. — D'Anvilk', map N. A., Bolton's ed., 

 1752. Las Barrancas. — Davis, Span. Conq. New 

 Mex., 31-1, 18G9. 



Basalt. A widely variable class of lavas 

 of a prevailing dark color and, in the com- 

 pact varieties, with a dull conchoidal frac- 

 ture. The rock is often more or less pu- 

 miceous and scoriaceous. The larger su- 

 perficial flows of the W. are often known 

 as ' ' the lava beds. ' ' The basalts occur in 

 large bodies in many parts of the coun- 

 try, especially in the far W., and were 

 extensively used by the aborigines for im- 

 plements and utensils. (W. H. II.) 



Basaseachic. A Tarahumare settlement 

 of Chihuahua, Mexico; definite locality 

 unknown. — Orozco y Berra, Geog., 323, 

 1864. 



Basawunena {BlVsawune^na, 'wood- 

 lodge men ' ) . Formerly a distinct though 

 cognate tribe that made war on the Arap- 

 aho (q. v.), but with whom they have 

 been incorporated for 150 years. About 

 100 are still recognized in the northern 

 and a few in the southern group. — 

 Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 955, 1896. 



Basdecheshni ( ' those who do not split 

 the buffalo ' ) . A band or division of the 

 Sisseton Sioux. 



Basdece-sni.— Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 217, 

 1897. Basdetce-cni. — Ibid. 



Baserac ( ' place where the Avater is 

 seen,' because up to this point the river 

 is so deep among the mountains that in 

 most places it is invisilile.^Rudo Ensa- 

 yo). An Opata pueblo, and the seat of 

 a Spanish mission founded in 1645, on an 

 E. branch of Rio de Batepito, a tributary 

 of the Yaqui, in n. e. Sonora, Mexico. 

 Population 399 in 1678, 839 in 1730. 

 There are many descendants of the Opata 

 in the modern town, but only a few of 

 them speak their native tongue. ( f. w. h. ) 

 Bacerac. — Orozco y Berra, Geog., 3-13, 1864. Base- 

 rac. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 527, 1S92. 

 Baseraca,— Mange (ca. 1700) quoted bv Bancroft, 

 No. Mex. States, i, 233, 1884. Santa Maria Bace- 

 raca.— Zapata (Ui7S) in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4ths.,lii, 

 366, 1857. Santa Maria Vaseraca. — Rudo Ensavo 

 (1762), Guitcras traii.sl., 217, 1894. Sta Maria de 

 TJasaraca. — Rivera, Diario, leg. 1,444, 1736. Vace- 

 raca.— Kino et al. in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4tli s., i, 

 4U1, 1856. 



BasigocMc ('sand bank,' 'flat'). A 

 Tarahumare rancherianearAchyarachki, 

 Chihuahua, Mexico. — Cubas, Mexico, 74, 

 1876. 



Basiroa. A Nevome division, doubtless 

 in s. central Sonora, Mexico; definite lo- 

 cality unknown. The name is probably 

 that of their settlement. — Orozco y Berra, 

 Geog., 58, 1864. 



Basketry. Basketry, including wat- 

 tling, matting, and bagging, may be de- 

 fined as the primi- 

 tive textile art. Its 

 materials include 

 nearly the whole 

 series of North 

 American textile 

 plants, and the In- 

 dian women ex- 

 plored the tribal 

 habitat for the best. 

 Constant digging in 

 the same favorite 

 spot for roots and 

 the clearing away of useless plants about 

 the chosen stems constituted a species of 

 primitive agriculture. They knew the 

 time and seasons for gathering, how to 

 harvest, dry, preserve, and prepare the 

 tough and i^lialsle parts for use and to re- 

 ject the brittle, and in what way to com- 



IROQUOIS WOMAN WEAVING A BAS- 

 KET. ( From lafitau) 



