BULL. 30] 



BELLACOOLA BEOTHUKAN FAMILY 



141 



by the Tsimshian of Kittizoo and on the 

 other l)y the Bellacoola, while war par- 

 ties of Haida from the Queen Charlotte 

 ids. were constantly raiding their coasts. 

 For this reason, perhaps, tlie peculiar se- 

 cret societies of the n. w. coast, the most 

 important of which evidently had their 

 origin in war customs, first arose among 

 them. When voyagers first Ijegan fre- 

 quenting the N. Pacific coast, Milbank id., 

 which offers one of the few good open- 

 ings into the inner ship cliannel to 

 Alaska, was often visited, and its inhab- 

 itants were therefore among the first to 

 be modified by European contact. To- 

 gether with the other Heiltsuk tribes 

 they have now been Christianized by 

 Protestant missionaries, and most of their 

 ancient culture and ritual have been 

 abandoned, (.i. r. s. ) 



Belbellahs.— Dunn, Oregon Ter., 1S3, 1S45. Bella- 

 Bella.— Can. Ind. Aft'.. 361, 1S97. Elk-la'sumH.— 

 Boas in r.th Kep. N. W. Tribes Can., 9, 1889 (Bel- 

 lacoola name). Haeeltruk, — Seouler in Jour. 

 Geog. Soc. Lond., l, 224, 1841. Haeeltsuk.— 

 Seouler in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., i, 233, 

 1848. Haeeltz.—Latliam, ibid., 1(34. Haeeltzuk. — 

 Seouler in Jour. Geog. Soc. Lond., i, 223, 1841. 

 Haeetsuk.— Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 

 64, 185(5. Haeltzuk. — Latham in Jour. Ethnol. 

 Soc. Lend., I, 155, 1848. Hailtsa.— Hale in U. S. 

 Expl. Expd., VI, 221, 1816. Hailtzuk,— Tolmie and 

 Dawson, Vocabs. Brit. Col., 117b, 1884. Ha-ilt- 

 zukh. -Gibbs in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., i, 115, 1877. 

 He'iltsuk.— Boas in Petermanns Mitt., pt. 5, 130, 

 1887. He'iltsuq. — Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus. for 1895, 

 328 (own name). Hiletsuck. — Can. Ind. Aff., 2.52, 

 1891. Hiletsuk.— Ibid. ,191. 1883. Iletsuck.— Powell, 

 ibid., 122,1880. Ilet Suck.— Ibid., 315. Millbank 

 Indians.— Duini, Hist. Oreg., 271, 1844. Millbank 

 Sound Indians.— Ibid., 3.58. Witsta.— Tolmie and 

 Daw.son, op. cit. (Chimmesvan name). Wut- 

 sta',— Boas in 5th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 9, 1889. 

 Bellacoola {BVlxula). A coast Salish 

 tribe, or rather aggregation of tribes, on n. 

 and s. Bentinck arm. Dean inlet, and Bel- 

 lacoola r., Brit. Col. This name is that 

 given them by the Kwakiutl, there being 

 no native designation for the entire peo- 

 ple. They form the northernmost divi- 

 sion of the Salishan stock, from the re- 

 maining tribes of which they are sepa- 

 rated by the Tsilkotin and the Kwakiutl. 

 In the Canadian reports on Indian af- 

 fairs the name is restricted by the separa- 

 tion of the Tallion (see Talio) and the 

 Kinis(iuit (people of Dean inlet), the 

 whole being called the Tallion nation. 

 The population in 1902 was 311. The 

 chief divisions mentioned are the Kinis- 

 quit, Noothlakimish, and Nuhalk. The 

 gentes of the Bellacoola without reference 

 to the tribal divisions are: Hamtsit, lalos- 

 timot, Koc'Jkotlane, Smoen, Spatsatlt, 

 Tlakaumoot, Tumkoaakyas. The follow- 

 ing are mentioned as gentes of the Nuhalk 

 division: Keltakkaua, Potlas, Siatlhelaak, 

 Si^ukpukolemk, and Tokoais. The Bel- 

 lacoola villages (chiefly after Boas) are: 

 Aseik, Asenane, Atlklaktl, Koapk, Koatl- 

 na, Komkutis, ISfoutchaoff, Nuiku, Nuka- 

 akmats, Nukits, Nusatsem, Nuskek, Nus- 



CopPER Bell From 

 A Tennessee 



kelst, Nutltleik, Osmakmiketlp, Peisela, 

 Sakta, Satsk, Selkuta, Senktl, Setlia, 

 Slaaktl, Snutele, Snutlelatl, Sotstl, 

 Stskeitl, Stuik, Talio, Tkeiktskune, 

 Tskoakkane, Tsomootl. (j. k. s. ) 

 Belhoola.— Gibbsin Cont. N. A. Ethnol., i, 267, 1877. 

 Bellacoola.— Can. Ind. Aff., 315, 1880. Bellagh- 

 choolas. — Dunn, Hist. Oregon, 267, 1844. Bella- 

 hoola.— Schdoleraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 488, 1855. 

 Bell-houla.— Mayue, Brit. Col., 146, 1862. Belli- 

 choola. — Seouler in Jour. Etlmol. Soc. Lond., I, 

 234, 1848. Bilhoola.— Tolmie and Dawson, Vocabs, 

 Brit. Col., 122B, 18.S4. Billechoola.— Seouler in 

 Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc, I, 224, 1841. Billikula.— 

 Gibbs quoted bv Dall in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., I, 

 241, 1877. Bilqula.— 7th Rep. N. W. Tribes of 

 Can., 2, 1891. Bi'lxula.— Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus. 

 for 1895, 320. Ilghi'mi.— Tolmie and Dawson, 

 Vocabs. Brit. Col., 122b, 1884. Tallion Nation.— 

 Can. Ind. Aff., 417. 1898. 



Bells. Metal bells were in common use 

 in middle America in pre-Columbian 

 times, but they are rarely found n. of the 

 Rio Grande, either in possession of the 

 tribes or on ancient sites; but bells were 

 certainly known to the Pueblos and pos- 

 sil)ly to the mound-builders before the 

 arrival of the whites. The 

 rattle made of shells of vari- 

 ous kinds or modeled in clay 

 passed naturally into the bell 

 as soon as metal or other par- 

 ticularly resonant materials 

 were available for their manu- 

 facture. Occasionally copper 

 bells with stone tinklers are 

 found on ancient sites in New 

 Mexico and Arizona, where 

 examples in baked clay are also found; 

 these are usually quite small and are of the 

 hawk-bell or sleigh-bell type, and doubt- 

 less served as pendant ornaments. Rare 

 examples of copper bells have been col- 

 lected in the southern states, but it is not 

 certain that they were of local origin, since 

 mail}' specimens must have reached Flor- 

 ida from INIexico and Central America in 

 early Columbian times; and it is well 

 known that bells of copper or bronze 

 were employed in trade with the tribes 

 by the English colonists, numerous ex- 

 amples of which have been obtained from 

 mounds and burial places. 



Consult Fewkes (1) in 17th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 1898, (2) in22d Rep. B. A. E., 1903; 

 Hough in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1901, 1903; 

 Moore in Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1894-1905; Thomas in 12th Rep. B. A. E., 

 1894. See Copper, (av. h. h.) 



Beothukan Family (from the tribal or 

 group name Beothuk, which probably 

 signifies 'man,' or 'human being,' but 

 Avas employed by Europeans to mean * In- 

 dian,' or 'Red Indian' ; in the latter case 

 because the Beothuk colored themselves 

 and tinted their utensils and arms with 

 red ocher). So far as known only a single 

 tribe, called Beothuk, which inhabited 

 the island of Newfoundland when first dis- 

 covered, constituted this family, although 



(thomas) 



