BULL. 30] 



BIKDWOMAN BLACKBIRD 



149 



marriage," and suggests that the bird- 

 stones may have symbolized the brooding 

 bird. Al)bott (Primitive Inchistry, 870) 

 published a statement originating with Dr 

 E. Stirling, of Cleveland, Ohio, that "such 

 bird etfigies, made of wood, have been no- 

 ticed among the Ottawa of Urand Trav- 

 erse bay, Mich., fastened to the top of 

 the heads of women as an indication that 

 they are pregnant." The probability, 

 however, is that these bird-stones were 

 used or worn by the men rather than l)y 

 the women, and Cushing's theory that 

 they were attached to a plate and fixed to 

 the hair is plausible. 



See Abbott, Primitive Industry, 1881; 

 Beauchamp in Bull. X. Y. State Mus., 

 1897; Bovle in Kep. INIinister of Educa- 

 tion, Ontario, 1895; Fowke (1) in 13th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1896, (2) Archa^ol. Hist. 

 Ohio, 1902; Gillman in Rep. Smithson. 

 Inst. 1873, 1874; Moorehead, (1) Bird- 

 stone Ceremonial, 1899; (2) Prehist. 

 Impls., 1900, (3) in Am. Anthrop., ii, 

 1900; Ran in Smithson. Cont., xxii, 1876; 

 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, i-vi, 1851-56; 

 Squier and Davis in Smithson. Cont., i, 

 1848. (w. H. H.) 



Birdwoman. See Sacar/avea. 



Bis. A Chumashan village w. of Pue- 

 blo de las Canoas (San Buenaventura), 

 Ventura co., Cal., in 1542. — Cabrillo 

 (1542) in Smith, Col. Docs. Fla., 181, 1857. 



Bisani. A Pima settlement 8 leagues s. 

 w. of Caborca, in the present Sonora, 

 ]\Iexico, of which it was a visita in Span- 

 ish colonial times. Pop. 178 in 1730. 



Bisani. — RudoEnsayo(17ti2), 152,1863. Jesus Maria 

 Basani.^Doc.of 1730 quoted bv Bancroft, No. Mex. 



States, I, .=il4, 1886. 



Bishkon. One of the towns forming 

 the noted "Sixtowns" of the Choctaw, 

 situated a few miles from the present 

 Garlandsville, in the x. i^art of Jasper 

 CO., Miss. 



Bishkon.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, 109,1884. 

 Bishkun Tamaha.— Halbert in Ala. Hist. See. Publ., 

 I, 3.S2, 1W)1. 



Bissarhar ( ' Indians with many bri- 

 dles '). A division of the Apache under 

 chiefs Goodegoya and Santos in 1873- 

 75. — White, Apache Names of Indian 

 Tribes, MS., B. A. E. 



Bissasha {Bissa-aaha, 'blackberries are 

 ripe there). A former Choctaw town on 

 the w. side of Little Rock cr., Newton 

 CO., Ga. Judging from the stone imple- 

 ments and other debris lying scattered 

 over its site, the town covered an area of 

 about 10 acres, making it a rather small 

 town as Choctaw towns were generallv 

 built.— Brown in Miss. Hist. Soc. Publ.", 

 VI, 442, 1902. 



Bishapa. — Romans, Florida, map, 1772 (i>rf>bablv 

 identical). 



Bistchonigottine. A division of the 

 Etchaottine on Bistcho lake, ^Mackenzie 

 Ter., Canada. 



Bes-tchonhi-Gottine.— Petitot, Autour du Lac des 



Ksclaves, 33;t, isyl. 



Bithahotshi (Navaho: 'red place on 

 top,' referring to the color of the sand- 

 stone rocks; the second h = German eli.) 

 The name of a mesa, and, by extension, 

 of a valley in which a trading store is 

 situated, about half-way between Hol- 

 brook and the Hopi villages in x. e. Ari- 

 zona. The name is sometimes employed 

 to designate a group of ancient pueblo 

 ruins in and near the valley. 

 Biddahoochee. — Hough in Rep. ' Nat. Mus. 1901, 

 326, 1903. Bitahotsi.— Matthews, Navaho I^e- 

 gends. 153, 1897 (correct Navaho name: ; = th, 

 /( = German eh , s = sh ) . 



Bithani ('folded arms'). A Navaho 

 dim. 



Bipa'ni, — Mattliews in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 

 103, 1890(>=th V Bita'ni.— Matthews., Navaho Leg- 

 ends, 30, 1897 (Mh). 



Bitumen. See Boats, Cement. 



Black Beaver. A Delaware guide, born 

 at the ])resent site of Belleville, 111., in 

 1806; died at Anadarko, Okla., May 8, 

 1880. He was present as interpreter at 



BLACK BEAVER (dELAWARe) 



the earliest conference with the Co- 

 manche, Kiowa, and Wichita tribes, held 

 by Col. Richard Dodge on upper Red r. in 

 1834, and from then until the close of his 

 days his services were constantly required 

 by the Government and were invaluable 

 to military and scientilic explorers of the 

 plains and the Rocky mts. In nearly ev- 

 ery one of the early transcontinental ex- 

 peditions he was the most intelligent and 

 most trusted guide and scout. 



Blackbird. A Chippewa village, com- 

 monly known as Black Bird's town from 



