152 



BLACK HAWK BLACK KETTLE 



[b. a. e. 



fusion one of the bearers of the flag was 

 shot down. A general but disorderly 

 pursuit of the remainder ensued, when 

 the pursuers were suddenly fallen upon 

 by Black Hawk at the head of 40 warriors 

 and driven froiu the field (May 14, 1832) 

 in a disgraceful rout. Black Hawk now 

 let loose his followers against the frontier 

 settlements, many of which were burned 

 and their occupants slain, but although 

 able to cut off small bands of Indians the 

 militia and regulars were for some time 

 able to do little in retaliation. On June 

 24 Black Hawk made an attack on Ap- 

 ple River fort, but was repulsed, and 

 on the day following defeated Maj. Ce- 

 ment's battalion, though with heavy loss 

 to his own side. On July 21, however, 

 while trying to cross to the w. side of 

 Wisconsin r. he was overtaken by volun- 

 teers under Gen. James D. Henry and 

 crushingly defeated with a loss of 68 

 killed and many more wounded. With 

 the remainder of his force he retreated 

 to the Mississippi, which he reached at 

 the mouth of Bad Axe r., and was about 

 to cross when intercepted by the steamer 

 Warrior, which shelled his camp. The 

 following day, Aug. 3, the pursuing 

 troops under Atkinson came up with his 

 band and after a desperate struggle 

 killed or drove into the river more than 

 350, while 40 were captured. Most of 

 those who reached the other side were 

 subsequently cut off by the Sioux. 

 Black Hawk and his principal warrior, 

 Neapope, escaped, however, to the north- 

 ward, whither they were followed and 

 captured by some Winnebago. Black 

 Hawk was then sent E. and confined 

 for more than a month at Fortress Mon- 

 roe, Va., when he was taken on tour 

 through the principal E. cities, every- 

 where proving an object of the greatest 

 interest. In 1837 he accompanied Keo- 

 kuk on a second trip to the E., after 

 which he settled oh Des Moines r. near 

 lowaville, dying there Oct. 3, 1838. His 

 remains, which had been placed upon the 

 surface of the ground dressed in a mili- 

 tary uniform presented by Gen. Jackson, 

 accompanied by a sword also presented 

 by Jackson, a cane given by Henry Clay, 

 and medals from Jackson, John Quincy 

 Adams, and thecity of Boston, were stolen 

 in July, 1839, and carried away to St 

 Louis, "where the body was cleaned and 

 the bones sent to Quincy, 111., for articu- 

 lation. On protest being made by Gov. 

 Lucas of the territory of Iowa, the bones 

 Avere restored, but the sons of Black 

 Hawk, being satisfied to let them stay in 

 the governor's office, they remained there 

 for some time and were later removed to 

 the collections of the Burlington Geolog- 

 ical and Historical Society, Avhere they 

 were destroyed in 1855 when the building 



containing them was burned. See Auto- 

 biography of Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak, 

 edited by J. B. Patterson, 1882, a life by 

 Snelling, and The Black Hawk War, by 

 Frank E. Stevens. (j. r. s. ) 



Black Hawk. A village marked on 

 Royce's map (First Rep. B. A. E., 1881) 

 about Mount Auburn, Shelby co., Ind., 

 on land sold in 1818. Probably a Del- 

 aware settlement. (.i. m.) 



Black Hoof. See Catahecasm. 



Black Indians. Mentioned by Bonte- 

 mantel and Van Baerlein 1656 (N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., I, 588, 1856). They and 

 "the Southern Indians, called Minquas," 

 are spoken of as bringing furs to trade 

 with the Dutch on Schuylkill r. Pos- 

 sibly the Nanticoke, who were said to be 

 darker than their neighbors. ( J. m. ) 



Black Kettle. An Onondaga chief, 

 called by the French CItaiidiere Noire. 

 When in the first French war the gov- 

 ernor in Montreal sent one of his officers 

 with 300 men to attack the Iroquois at 

 Niagara, Black Kettle, with 80 warriors, 

 gave the invaders a long running fight, 

 from which the latter were the chief suf- 

 ferers, although his force was in the end 

 wiped out. In the following season he laid 

 waste the French settlements in w. Can- 

 ada. In 1691 the Iroquois planned the 

 destruction of the French settlements and 

 trading posts w. of Montreal. Their 

 plans were revealed to the French com- 

 mander by captive Indian women who 

 escaped, and after the defeat of the ex- 

 peditions the French destroyeil parties 

 that were encamped in their hered- 

 itary hunting grounds between the 

 Ottawa and St Lawrence rs. Black 

 Kettle retaliated by killing Indians who 

 traded with Montreal and the French 

 escort sent to guard them. On July 15, 

 1692, he attacked ]\Iontreal and carried off 

 man}' prisoners, who were retaken l)y a 

 pursuing party; and in the same season he 

 attacked the party of de Lusignan and 

 killed the leader. In 1697 he arranged a 

 peace with the French, but before it was 

 concluded he was murdered by some 

 Algonkin while hunting near Cattarau- 

 gus, although he had notified the French 

 commander at the fort of the peace ne- 

 gotiations. 



Black Kettle. A Cheyenne chief and 

 famous warrior whose village on Sand 

 cr., Colo., was attacked by a force of 

 Colorado militia under Col.' Chivington 

 in 1864 and a large number of innocent 

 men, women, and children massacred 

 and their bodies mutilated. Black Kettle 

 had come in by direction of Gov. Evans, 

 of Colorado, and surrendered to Maj. 

 Wynkoop, U. S. A., who had promised 

 him protection (Ind. Aff. Rep., 1865, and 

 Condition of Indian Tribes, Rep. Joint 

 Spec. Com., 1865). On Nov. 27, 1868, 



