BULL. 30] 



BOAT-STONES B(EUF 



157 



gable streams n. of C. INIendocino, well- 

 made wooden dugout canoes were used ; 

 wooden canoes, made chiefly of planks 

 lashed together and calked, were used 

 in the Santa Barl^ara id. region; both 

 were imi>ortant elements in influencing 

 the culture of the people of these sections. 

 Everywhere else in California, barring 

 the occasional use of corracles and rafts 

 of logs, transportation l)y water was con- 

 ducted by means of balsas, consisting of 

 rushes tied in bundles, generally, if not 

 always, with more or less approximation 

 to a boat of cigar shape. In certain spots 

 in California, as oii Clear lake among the 

 Pomo and Tulare lake among the Yokuts, 

 these tule balsas were important factors 

 in native life; elsewhere in the state 

 much less so (Kroeber). On the lower 

 Rio Colorado and in s. central California 

 the Indians made immense corracle-like 

 baskets, called by the Spaniards coritas, 

 which were coated with bitumen or other 

 wateri>roofing and used for fording the 

 streams, laden with both passengers and 

 merchandise. 



Consult Boas, The Central Eskimo, 6th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1888; Coues, Garces Diary, 

 1900; Hoffman, The Menomini Indians, 

 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1896; Murdoch, Eth- 

 nological Results of the Point Barrow Ex- 

 pedition, 9th Rep. B. A. E., 1892; Nel- 

 son, The Eskimo about Bering Strait, 

 18th Rep. B. A. E., 1899; Niblack, The 

 Coast Indians of Southern Alaska and 

 Northern British Columbia, Rep. Nat. 

 Mus., 1888; Powers inCont. N. A. Ethnol., 

 Ill, 1877; Simms in Am. Anthrop., vi, 

 191, 1904; Winship in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 

 407, 1896. See Commerce, Fur trade, Tixiils 

 and Trade routes, Travel. (o. t. m.) 



Boat-stones. Prehistoric objects of pol- 

 ished stone having somewhat the shape 

 of a canoe, the use of which is unknown. 

 Some have straight 

 parallel sides and 

 square ends; in oth- 

 ers the sides con- 

 verge to a blunt 

 point. A vertical 

 section cut length- 

 wise of either is 

 approximately tri- 

 angular, the long 

 face is more or less 

 hollow, and there is 

 usually a perfora- 

 tion near each end; 

 some have a groove 

 on the outer or convex side, apparently to 

 receive a cord passed through the holes. 

 Sometimes there is a keel-like projection 

 in which this groove is cut. It is sur- 

 mised that they were employed as charms 

 or talismans and carried about the person. 

 They are found sparingly in most of the 

 states E. of the Mississippi r. as well as 



BOAT-STONE OF < 

 NESSEE (1-3). 



Bottom 



BOAT-STONE OF 



in Canada. Those in the Northern 

 states are made principally of slate, in 

 the S. and W. steatite is most common, 

 but other varieties of stone were used. 

 In form some of these 

 objects approach the 

 plummets ( q. v. ) and are 

 perforated at one end 

 for suspension; others 

 approximate the cones 

 and hemisijheres (q. v.). Analogous 

 objects are found on the Pacific coast, 

 some of which are manifestly modeled 

 after the native canoe while others resem- 

 ble the boat-stones of the E., although 

 often perforated at one end for suspen- 

 sion. See Prohlematical objects. 



Consult Fowke(l) in 13th Rep. B. A. E., 

 1896, (2) Archteol. Hist. Ohio, 1902; 

 Moorehead (1) Prehist. Impls., 1902, 

 (2) The Bird-stone Ceremonial, 1899; 

 Moore, various memoirs in Jour. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894-1905; Rau in Smith- 

 son. Cont., XXII, 1876. (g. f. w. h. h.) 



Bobbydoklinny. See Nakaidoklini. 



Bocachee. See Tomochichi. 



Boca del Arroyo (Span. : ' mouth of the 

 gulch ' ). A Papago village, probably in 

 Pima CO., s. Ariz., with 70 inhabitants in 

 1858. 



La Boco del Arroyo. — Bailey in Ind. Aff. Rep., 208, 

 1S58. 



Bocherete. The name of a village given 

 to Joutel in 1687 by an Ebahamo Indian 

 and described as being n. or x. w. of the 

 Maligne (Colorado) r., Tex. The re- 

 gion designated was at that time occupied 

 chiefly by Caddoan tribes. The village 

 can not be definitely classified. See Gat- 

 schet. Karankawalnds.,46, 1891. (a. c. f. ) 

 Bocrettes.— .T<mtel (l(i87) in FreiK-h, Hist. Coll. 

 La., I. 138, 1.S4(;. Tserabocherete.— Joutel (1687) in 

 Margry, Dt?c., iii, 2sy, 1878 (= Tsera and Boch- 

 erete combined). Tserabocretes. — Joutel (1687) 

 in French, Hist. Coll. La., i, 152, 1846. 



Bocootawwonauke ('fire people'?). A 

 tribe mentioned l)y Powhatan in 1607 as 

 living N. Yf. of the falls of James r. at 

 Richmond, Va., in the highland country, 

 and as being workers of copper and other 

 metals (Strachey, Hist. Va., 27, 1849). 

 Bocootawwanaukes. — Strachey, op. cit., 27. Bocoo- 

 tawwonaukes. — Ibid. Bocootawwonough, — Ibid . , 49. 

 Bocootowwonocks. — lljid., 27. Pocoughtaonack. — 

 Smith, Works, 2.=>, 1884. Pocoughtronack. — Ibid., 20. 



Bocoyna {oco 'pine,' ina 'drijis,' hence 

 'turpentine.' — Lumholtz). A pueblo of 

 civilized Tarahumare on the e. slope of 

 the Sierra Madre, in lat. 28° 25', long. 

 107° 15', w. Chihuahua, Mexico. 

 Bocoyna,— Lumholtz in Scribner's Mag., xvi, 32, 

 1891. Ocoina, — Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., I, 134, 

 1902 (aboriginal name). 



Bodkins. See A wis, Needles. 



Boeuf, Nation du. Mentioned in the 

 Jesuit Relation of 1662 as a tribe against 

 which the Iroquois that year sent out an 

 expedition. The name signifies 'Buf- 

 falo Nation,' but to Avhat people it refers 

 is unknown; it may have designated 



