BULL. 30] 



BOUSCOUTTON BOWLEGS. 



163 



rendered its lands and removed to Indian 

 Ter. This attitude made liim so unpopu- 

 lar that on June 22, 1839, he was set upon 

 and murdered, although not with the 

 knowledge or connivance of the tribal 

 officers. See Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 1900; Pilling, Bibliography of the 

 Iroquoian Languages, Bull. B. A. E., 1888. 

 Bouscoutton. The northernmost divi- 

 sion of the Cree, living in 1658-71 about 

 the s. shores of Hudson bay. According 

 to Dr William Jones the Chippewa refer 

 to the northernmost dwelling place of the 

 Cree as Ininiwitoskwuning, 'at the man's 

 elbow,' and Antriwat-otoskwuning, 'they 

 dwell at the elbow.' This iintcnvdt is 

 probably the term usually prefixed, in 

 one form or another, to the name Bous- 

 coutton. 



Ataouabouscatouek.— Je9.Rel.,1658, 21,1858. Outao- 

 uoisbouscottous.— Tailhan, Perrot, 293, note, 1864. 

 Outaouois, Bouscouttous. — Prise de possession 

 (1671) in Margry, Dt^c, i, 97, 1875 (comma evi- 

 dently inserted by mistake). 



Boutte Station. A village in St Charles 

 parish. La., at which lived a camp of 

 Choctaw who manufactured cane bas- 

 ketry and gathered the okra which was 

 ground into gumbo file. — Harris, La. 

 Products, 203, 1881. 



Bowl, The (a translation of his native 

 name, D'nra^Ht), also called Col. Bowles. 

 A noted Cherokee chief and leader of one 

 of the first bands to establisli themselves 

 permanently on the w. side of the Mis- 

 sissippi. At the head of some hostile 

 Cherokee from the Chickamauga towns 

 he massacred all of the male members of 

 a party of emigrants at Muscle shoals in 

 Tennessee r. in 1794, after which he re- 

 tired up St. Francis r. on the w. side of 

 the Mississippi, and, his act being dis- 

 owned by the Cherokee council, who 

 offered to assist in his arrest, he remained 

 in that region until after the cession of 

 [,ouisiana Territory to the United States. 

 About 1824 so much dissatisfaction was 

 caused by delay in adjusting the boun- 

 daries of the territory of the Western 

 Cherokee in Arkansas and the withhold- 

 ing of their annuities that a party headed 

 by Bowl crossed Sabine r. into Texas, 

 where they were joined by bodies of 

 refugees from a number of other eastern 

 tribes and began negotiations with the 

 Mexican government for a tract of land 

 on Angelina, Neches, and Trinity rs., but 

 were interrupted by the outbreak of the 

 Texan war for independence in 1835. 

 Houston, who had long been a friend of 

 the Cherokee, entered into a treaty to 

 assign them certain lands along Angelina 

 r., but it was rejected by the Texas senate 

 in 1837, and Houston's successor, Lamar, 

 declared his intention to drive all the 

 Indians from Texas. On the plea that 

 they were entering into a conspiracy with 

 the Mexican inhabitants, a commission, 



BOWLDER Outline Representino 

 A QUADRUPED; South Dakota; 



LENGTH 15 Ft. IThOMAs) 



supported by several regiments of troops, 

 was sent to the Cherokee town on Ange- 

 lina r. to demand that they remove at 

 once across the border. On their refusal 

 they were attacked, July 15-16, 1839, and 

 defeated in two engagements, Bowl and his 

 assistant chief. Hard-mush, being among 

 the many killed. See Mooney in 19th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1900. (j. r. s.) 



Bowlder outlines. Certain outline sur- 

 face figures, probably of Siouan origin, 

 usually formed of l^owlders a foot or less in 

 diameter, though a few consisted of buffalo 

 bones. The name "bowlder mosaics" 

 was first applied to 

 them by Todd. Ac- 

 cording to Lewis, 

 structures of this 

 type have been found 

 from w. Iowa and Ne- 

 braska to Manitoba, 

 and from w. Minne- 

 sota through North 

 and South Dakota to 

 Montana; but they 

 appear tobe, or rather 

 to have been, more 

 frequent in South 

 Dakota than in any 

 other section. These remains consist of 

 animal, human, and other figures out- 

 lined upon the surface of the ground, 

 usually on elevated sites, the human, 

 turtle," and serpent figures being by far 

 the most numerous. In Dakota the out- 

 lines are generally accompanied with 

 small stone circles, known to be old 

 tipi sites. In some instances long lines 

 of bowlders or buffalo bones and small 

 stone cairns have been found associated 

 with them or occurring in their immedi- 

 ate neighborhood. Like the bowlder 

 circles these are more or less embedded 

 in the ground, but this does not necessa- 

 rily indicate great antiquity; indeed, 

 their frequent association with tipi cir- 

 cles seems to denote that they are com- 

 paratively recent. The accompanying 

 turtle figure illustrates the type. Among 

 the Crows of Montana a bowlder outline 

 figure is made in the form of a woman to 

 commemorate the unfaithfulness of a wife. 



Consult Lewis in Am. Anthrop., ii, 

 Apr., 1889, III, Julv, 1890; Simms, ibid., 

 n. s., v,374, 1903; Thomas in 12th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 534, 1894; Todd in Am. Natural- 

 ist, Jan., 1884. (c. t.) 



Bowlegs (probably corrupted from Bo- 

 lek). An inferior Seminole chief who 

 was brought temporarily into notice in 

 1812 during the Indian war on the Geor- 

 gia frontier. When early in that year 

 King Paine, also a Seminole chief, at the 

 head of sundry bands of Seminole and 

 negroes, started on a mission of blood and 

 plunder. Bowlegs joined him. A small 

 force under Capt. Williams was met and 



