170 



BUKONGTEHELAS BULLKOAKER 



[b. a. e. 



or ceremonial hunt. This hunt occurred 

 in June, July, and August, when the ani- 

 mals were fat and the hair thin, the flesh 

 being then in the best condition for food 

 and the pelts easiest to dress on both sides 

 for the making of clothing, shields, packs, 

 bags, ropes, snowshoes, tent and boat 

 covers. The meat was cut into thin sheets 

 and strips and hung upon a framework of 

 poles to dry in the sun. When fully 

 "jerked " it was folded up and pvit into 

 parfieche packs to keep for winter use. 

 A cow was estimated to yield about 45 

 pounds of dried meat and 50 pounds of 

 pemmican, besides the marrow, which 

 was preserved in l)ladder skins, and the 

 tallow, which was poured into skin bags. 

 The sinew of the animal furnished bow- 

 strings, thread for sewing, and fiber for 

 ropes. The horns were made into spoons 

 and drinking vessels, and the tips were 

 used for cupping purposes; the buffalo 

 horn was also worn as insignia of office. 

 The hair of the buffalo was woven into 

 reatas, belts, and personal ornaments. 

 The dried droppings of the animal, known 

 among plainsmen as "buffalo chips," 

 were valuable as fuel. 



Tribal regulations controlled the cut- 

 ting up of the animal and the distribution 

 of the parts. The skin and certain parts 

 of the carcass belonged to the man who 

 had slain the buffalo; the remainder was 

 divided according to fixed rules among 

 the helpers, which afforded an opportu- 

 nity to the poor and disabled to procure 

 food. Butchering was generally done by 

 men on the field, each man's portion be- 

 ing taken to his tent and given to the 

 women as their property. 



The buffalo was hunted in the winter 

 by small, independent but organized par- 

 ties, not subject to the ceremonial exac- 

 tions of the tribal hunt. The pelts se- 

 cured at this time were for bedding and 

 for garments of extra weight and warmth. 

 The texture of the buffalo hide did not 

 admit of fine dressing, hence was used for 

 coarse clothing, moccasins, tent covers, 

 parfieche cases, and other articles. The 

 hide of the heifer killed in the fall or 

 early winter made the finest robe. 



The buffalo was supposed to be the 

 instructor of doctors who dealt with 

 the treatment of wounds, 'teaching them 

 in dreams where to find healing plants 

 and the manner of their use. The mul- 

 tifarious benefits derived from the animal 

 brought the buffalo into close touch with 

 the people: It figured as a gentile totem, 

 its appearance and movements were re- 

 ferred to in gentile names, its habits gave 

 designations to the months, and it be- 

 came the symbol of the leader and the 

 type of long life and plenty; ceremonies 

 were held in its honor, myths recounted its 

 creation, and its folktales delighted old and 



young. The practical extinction of the 

 buffalo with the last ciuarter of the 19th 

 century gave a deathblow to the ancient 

 culture of the tribes livingwithin its range. 



Consult Allen in Mem. Geol. Survey of 

 Kentucky, i, pt. ii, 1876; Chittenden, Fur 

 Trade, 1902; Hornaday in Rep. Nat. Mus. 

 1887, 1889; Relation of Alvar Nunez Ca- 

 be(,'a de Vaca, B. Smith trans. , 1871 ; Win- 

 ship, Coronado Expedition, 14th Rep. B. 

 A. E., 1896. (a. c. f.) 



Bukongehelas. See Buckongahelas. 



Buldam. A former Pomo village on 

 the X. bank of Big r. and e. of Mendocino, 

 Mendocino co., Cal. (s. a. b. ) 

 Bul'-dam Po'-mo. — Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 

 ni, lb'\ 1877. 



Bull. The Butterfiy clan of the Hopi. 

 Boli,— Bonrke, Snake DanVe, 117, l,ss4. Buli wiii- 

 wu.— Fewkes in 19th Rep. R. A. E.,584, 1900 {win- 

 »« = 'clan'). Bu'-li wun-wii. — Fewkes in Am. 

 Anthrop., vn, 405, 1894. Povoli.— Yoth, Hopi 

 Proper Names, 102, 1905. 



Buli. The Butterfly phratry of the Hopi. 



Bu-li'-nya-mu. — Fewkesin Am. Anthrop., vi,367, 

 1893 ( nija-m A = ' people ' ) . 



Buliso. The Evening Primrose clan of 

 the Honani (Badger) phratry of the 

 Hopi. 

 Bu-li'-so,— Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 39, 1891. 



Bulitzequa. A former pueblo of the 

 Jemez, in New Mexico, the exact site of 

 which is not known. — Bandelier in Arch. 

 Inst. Papers, iv, 207, 1892. 



Bull Dog Sioux. A Teton Dakota divi- 

 sion on Rosebud res., S. Dak. — Donaldson 

 in Nat. Mus. Rep. 1885, 63, 1886. 



Bullets Town. Marked on Hutchin's 

 map in Bouquet's Exped., 1766, as in 

 Coshocton CO., Ohio, on both sides of 

 Muskingum r., about half way between 

 Walhondingr. and Tomstown. Probably 

 a Delawai-e village. 



BuUroarer. An instrument for pro- 

 ducing rhythmic sound, consisting of a 

 narrow, usually rectangular slat of wood, 

 from about 6 in. to 2 ft. long and 2 in. to 2 

 in. wide, suspended by one end to a cord, 

 the latter often being provided with a 

 wooden handle. The bullroarer, which 

 is often painted with symbolic designs, is 

 whirled rapidly with a uniform motion 

 about the head, and the pulsation of the 

 air against the slat gives a characteristic 

 Avhizzing or roaring sound. The instru- 

 ment has also been called whizzer, whiz- 

 zing stick, lightning stick, and rhombus, 

 and its use was quite general. In North 

 America it has been found among the 

 Eskimo, Kwakiutl, Arapaho, and most 

 western tribes, including the Navaho, 

 Apache, Ute, the central Californian 

 tribes (where, among the Pomo, it is 

 nearly 2 ft. long). Pueblos, and in the an- 

 cient cliff-dwellings. The Hopi, who re- 

 gard the bullroarer as a prayer-stick of 

 the thunder and its whizzing noise as 

 representing the wind that accompanies 

 thunderstorms, make the tablet portion 



