BULL. 30] 



BULLS BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



171 



from a piece of lightning-riven wood and 

 measure the length of the string from the 

 heart to the tips of the fingers of the out- 

 stretched right hand (Fewkes). The 

 Navaho make the bullroarer of the same 

 material, but regard 

 it as representing the 

 voice of the thunder- 

 bird, whose figure 

 they often paint ujaon 

 it, the eyes being in- 

 dicated by inset 

 pieces of turquoise 

 (Culin). Bourkewas 

 led to believe that 

 the rhombus of the 

 Apache was made by 

 the medicine men 

 from the wood of pine 

 or fir that had been 

 struck by lightning 

 on the mountain tops. 

 Apache, Hopi, and 

 Zuiiibullroarers bear 

 lightning symbols, 



~ -i ,",•'. J, ' APACHE Bullroarer; Length 



and while ni the , ^ches. (bourke) 

 semi-arid region the 

 implement is used to invoke clouds, 

 lightning, and rain, and to warn the initi- 

 ated that rites are being performed, in 

 the humid area it is used to implore the 

 wind to l>ring fair weather. The bull- 

 roarer is a sacred implement, associated 

 with rain, wind, and lightning, and among 

 the Kwakiutl, according to Boas, with 

 ghosts. By some tribes it retains this 

 sacred character, but among others it has 

 degenerated into a child's toy, for which 

 use its European antitype also survives 

 among civilized nations. 



Consult Bourke, Medicine-men of the 

 Apache, 9th Rep. B. A. E., 1892; Fewkes, 

 Tusayan Snake Ceremonies, 16th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 1897; Haddon, Study of Man, 

 219, 1898; Lang, Custom and Myth, 39, 

 1885; Mooney, Ghost Dance Religion, 14th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1896; Murdoch in 9th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 1892; Schmeltz in Verb. d. Ve- 

 reins f. naturw. Unterhaltung zu Ham- 

 burg, IX, 92, 1896. (w. H.) 



Bulls. A Hidatsa band or society; 

 mentioned byCulbertson (Smithson.Rep. 

 1850, 143, 1851) as a clan. For a similar 

 society among the Piegan, see Stumiks. 



BuUtown. A Shawnee or Mingo vil- 

 lage of 5 families on Little Kanawha r. , 

 W. Va. ; destroyed by whites in 1772. — 

 Kaufmann, W.'Penn., 180, 1851. 



Buokongahelas. See Buckongahdas. 



Buquibava. A former Pima rancheria 

 of Sonora, Mexico, visited by Kino about 

 1697-99; situated on San Ignacio r., below 

 San Ignacio (of which mission it was sub- 

 sequently a visita), at the site of the 

 present town of Magdalena. Pop. 63 in 

 1730, probably including some Tepoca. 



(f. w. h. ) 



Magdalena.— Doc. of 1730 quoted by Bancroft, No. 

 Mex. States, i, 494, 514, 1SS4. Magdalena de Buvuiba- 

 va. — Bancroft, Ariz, and N. M., li'iS, l,ss9 ((nioting 

 Mange, 1699). Santa Madalena.— Hardy, Travels, 

 422, 1829. Santa Magdalena de Buquibava. — Kino 

 (1694) in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th sen, i, 248, 1856. 

 S[anta] M[aria] Magdalen. — Venegas, Hist. Cal., 

 I, map, 1759. S. Magdalena. — Kino, map (1701) 

 in Bancroft, Ariz, and N. M., 360, 1889. 



Bureau of American Ethnology. The 

 Bureau of (American) Ethnology was 

 organized in 1879 and was j)laced by Con- 

 gress under the supervision of the Smith- 

 sonian Institution. It was directed that 

 all the archives, records, and materials 

 relating to the Indian tribes collected by 

 the Survey of the Rocky INIountain Region 

 under the auspices of the Interior Depart- 

 ment should be transferred to the Insti- 

 tution for use by the Bureau. Prof. 

 Spencer F. Baird, Secretary of the Insti- 

 tution, recognizing the great value of Maj. 

 J. W. Powell's services in initiating re- 

 searches among the western tribes, 

 selected him as the person best qualified 

 to organize and conduct the work. 



The National Government had already 

 recognized the importance of researches 

 among the tribes. As early as 1795 the 

 Secretary of War appointed Leonard S. 

 Shaw deputy agent to the Cherokee with 

 instructions to study their language and 

 home life and to collect materials for 

 an Indian history. President Jefferson, 

 who planned the Lewis and Clark expedi- 

 tion of 1804-06, "for the purpose of ex- 

 tending the internal commerce of the 

 United States," especially stipulated, in 

 his instructions to Lewis, the observa- 

 tions on the native tribes that should be 

 made by the expedition for the use of 

 the Government. These were to include 

 their names and numbers; the extent and 

 limits of their possessions; their relations 

 with other tribes or nations; their lan- 

 guage, traditions, and monuments; their 

 ordinary occupations in agriculture, fish- 

 ing, hunting, war, arts, and the imple- 

 ments for these; their food, clothing, and 

 domestic accommodations; the diseases 

 prevalent among them and the remedies 

 they use; moral and physical circum- 

 stances which distinguish them from 

 known tribes; peculiarities in their laws, 

 customs, and dispositions; and articles of 

 commerce they may need or furnish, and 

 to what extent; *'and considering the in- 

 terest which every nation has in extend- 

 ing and strengthening the authority of 

 reason and justice among the people 

 around them, it will be useful to acquire 

 what knowledge you can of the state of 

 morality, religion, and information 

 among them, as it may better enable 

 those who endeavor to civilize and in- 

 struct them to adapt their measures to 

 the existing notions and practices of those 

 on whom they are to operate." During 

 much of his life Jefferson, like Albert 



