BULL. 30] 



CAHLAHTEL CAHOKIA 



185 



pie, that of the men consisting of a short 

 cotton shirt, trousers, straw hat, and 

 leather sandals, the women wearing the 

 typical cotton camisa and gown. The 

 native blanket and sash are now rarely 

 seen. The Yaqui formerly tattooed the 

 chin and arms. Owing to the semitrop- 

 ical climate their typical dwellings were 

 of canes and boughs, covered with palm 

 leaves, but these have been largely super- 

 seded by huts of brush and adobe. Al- 

 though belonging to the same division of 

 the Piman stock and showing no marked 

 difference in culture, the Mayo and Yaqui 

 tribes have not been friendly; indeed the 

 former waged war against the Yaqui until 

 they themselves were finally conquered, 

 when the Yaqui compelled them to pay 

 tribute and to furnish warriors to aid 

 the Yaqui in their almost incessant hos- 

 tility Urst toward Spain, afterward against 

 Mexico. They now hold aloof from each 

 other, and while the Yacjui are habitually 

 on the warpath, the Mayo are entirely 

 pacific. In the fertile valleys along the 

 streams respectively occupied by the 

 tribes of this group, they engage in 

 raising corn, cotton, calabashes, beans, 

 and tobacco, and also in cultivating the 

 mezcal-producing agave. They huhted 

 in the neigh boring Sierra Madre and fished 

 in the streams that supplied the water to 

 irrigate their fields, as well as on the 

 coast, where the Yaqui still obtain salt for 

 sale, principally in Guaymas. It has been 

 said that neither the Mayo nor the Yaqui 

 had a tribal chief, each tribe being set- 

 tled in a number of autonomous villages 

 which combined only in case of warfare; 

 but there appears to have been a village 

 ruler or kind of cacique. In the first half 

 of the 17th century the Mayo and Yaqui 

 together probably numbered between 

 50;000 and 60,000. There are now about 

 40,000, equally divided between the 

 tribes, but like most of the southern 

 tribes of the Piman family, these have 

 largely become Hispanized, except in 

 language. The Yaqui particularly are 

 naturally industrious and are employed 

 as cattlemen, teamsters, farmers, and sail- 

 ors; they are also good miners, are ex- 

 pert in pearl diving, and are employed 

 for all manual labor in preference to any 

 others. They exhibit an unusual talent 

 for music and adhere more or less to the 

 performance of their primitive dances 

 (now somewhat varied by civilization), 

 engaged in principally on feast days, par- 

 ticularly during the harvest festival of 

 San Juan and at the celebration of the 

 Passover. The chief vices of the Yaqui, 

 it is said, are an immoderate indulgence 

 in intoxicants, gambling, and stealing, 

 while conjugal fidelity is scarcely known 

 to them. There is some uncertainty in 

 regard to the tribal divisions of the Cahita 



group. Pimentel (Lenguas, i, 453) and 

 Buelna (Arte Lengua Cahita, x) divide it 

 into three dialects, the Yaqui, Mayo, and 

 Tehueco, but the latter, in his Peregrina- 

 cion de los Aztecas (21, 1892), mentions 

 the Sinaloa, Tehueco, and Zuaque as dis- 

 tinct groups. Orozco y Berra (Geog., 58) 

 gives Yaqui, Mayo, Tehueco, and Vaco- 

 regue. It appears that there was in fact 

 a Sinaloa tribe which later lost its iden- 

 tity through absorption by the Tehueco, 

 while the Zuacjue were apparently iden- 

 tical with the latter. For the present 

 condition of the Yaqui and the Mayo see 

 Hrdlicka in Am. Anthrop., n. s., vi, 51, 

 1904. (f. w. H.) 



Cahita.— Orozco y Berra, Geog.. 58, 1864. Caita. — 

 Doc. of 1(178 quoted by Baiidelier in Arch. Inst. 

 Papers, in, 53, 1890. Cinaloa. — Orozcoy Berra, op. 

 cit. Sinaloa. — Ibid. 



Cahlahtel Pomo. An unidentifiable 

 band of Pomo, said to have lived in Men- 

 docino CO., Cal. — Wiley in Ind. Aff. Rep. 

 1864, 119, 1865. 



Cahokia. A tribe of the Illinois con- 

 federacy, usually noted as associated with 

 the kindred Tamaroa. Like all the con- 

 federate Illinois triVjes they were of roving 

 habit until they and the Tamaroa were 

 gathered into a mission settlement about 

 the year 1698 by the Jesuit Pinet. This 

 mission, first known as Tamaroa, but 

 later as Cahokia, was about the site of 

 the present Cahokia, 111., on the k. bank 

 of the Mississippi, nearly opposite the 

 present St Louis. In 1721 it was the 

 second town among the Illinois in impor- 

 tance. On the withdrawal of the Jesuits 

 the tribe declined rajiidly, chiefly from 

 the demoralizing influent e of the neigh- 

 boring French garrison, and was nearly 

 extinct by 1800. With the other remnant 

 tribes of the confederacy they removed, 

 about 1820, to the W. , where the name was 

 kept up until very recently, l)Ut the whole 

 body is now officially consolidated under 

 the name Peoria, q. v. (.i. m. ) 



Caeuquias. — De I'lsle, map (ra. 1705) in Neill, 

 Hist. Minn., 1858. Cahakies. — Carver, Travels, 

 map, 177s. Cahau. — Marain (1753) in Margry, Dec, 

 VI, H54, isso. Cahoki. — Gale, Upper Mrss., 174, 

 18U7. Cahokia, — Co.xe, Carolana, map, 1741. Ca- 

 hokiams. — Keane in Stanford. Compend., .504, 1878. 

 Cahokies. — Esnauts andRapilly, map, 1777. Caho- 

 qui, — .Vliedo, Die. Geog., I, 302, 1786. Cahoquias. — 

 Keane in Stanford. Compend., .504, 1878. Cankia. — 

 Hennepin, New Discov., 310, 169.S (.same? The 

 "Caokia" are named as another Illinoi.? band). 

 Caokia.— .A.I1( mez ( 1680) in Margry, Dec, ii, 96. 1877. 

 Caoquias.— Perkins and Peck, Annals of the West, 

 680, ls,50. Caouquias.— Du Pratz, La., II, 227, 1758. 

 Carrechias. — St Cosme (1699) in Shea, Early Voy., 

 62, 1861. Caskoukia. — Moll, map, in Salmon, 

 Modern Hist., 3d ed., Ill, 602, 1746. Catiokia.— 

 Morse, N. Am., 255, 1776. Catokiah.— Nourse ( 1820) 

 in S<'ho(ilcraft, Ind. Tribes. li,,588, 1S52. Cayaugh- 

 kias.— Stone, Life of Brant, li, .566, 1864. Coha- 

 kias, — Sehermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist. Soc. 

 Coll., 2d s., II, 8,1814. Cohakies,— Am. Pioneer, i, 

 408, 1842. Kahokias. — Homann Heirs' map, 1756. 

 Kahoquias. — Nuttall, Journal, 250, 1S21. Kakias.— 

 Milfort, Memoire, 106, 1.802 (same?). Kaockhia.— 

 'La .Salle (1682) in Margry, Dt^c., ii, 201, ls77. 

 Kaokia. — Gravier (1701?) in Perrot, M(5moire, 221, 

 1864. Fiokies, — Lattr$, map, 1784. Kaoquias. — 



