186 



CAHOKIA MOUND CAITSODAMMO 



[b. a. e. 



Perkins and Peck, Annals of the West, 69, 1850. 

 Kaoueohias. — Force, Inds. of Ohio, 21, 1879. Kaoii- 

 kia.— Gravier (1701) in Shea, Early Voy., 118,1861. 

 KaHkias. — Shea, ihid., 60. Kavvachias. — Shea, Rel. 

 Miss, dn Mississip]ii, 36, 1861. Kavvchias. — St 

 Cosine ( 169',i) in Shea, Early Voy., 67, isiil. Kavve- 

 chias. — Ibid. ,66. Kavvkias. — Ibid. ,60. Kawkias. — 

 Ibid., 61. Kerokias. — Chauvignerie (17S6) in 

 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 555, 1853. Koakias.— 

 Bos-n, Travels through La., 131, 1771. Ooukia. — 

 AUouez (16.S0) in Margry, Dee., ll, 96, 1.^77. Taho- 

 kias. — Browne in Beach, Ind. Miscel., 119, 1877. 



Cahokia Mound. The largest prehis- 

 toric artilicial earthwork in the United 

 States, situated in Madison co., 111., in 

 what is known as the American bottom, 

 about 6 m. e. of St Louis, Mo., and in 

 plain view of the railroads entering that 

 city from the e. Before their partial 

 destruction by the plow the principal 

 mound was surrounded by an extensive 

 mound grouj), numbering, according to 

 Brackenridge (Views La., 187, 1814), who 

 visited the place in 1811, "45 mounds 

 or pyramids, besides a great number of 

 small artificial elevations." The name 

 Cahokia is that 

 of a tribe which 

 formerly occu- 

 pied a neighbor- 

 ing village of the 

 same name. In 

 form the tumu- 

 lus is a (juad- 

 rangular pyra- 

 mid with an 

 ajjron, or terrace, 

 extending from 

 the s. side. The 

 dimensions as 

 given by Mc- 

 Adams (Anti(i. 

 of Cahokia or 

 Monk's Mound, 

 2, 1883) are as 

 follows: The base x. and s., 998 ft.; e. to 

 w., 721 ft.; height, 99 ft. ; height of lower 

 terrace, 30 ft. ; (jutward extent of terrace 

 about 200 ft. ; width about 500 ft. The 

 area of the base of the mound is estimated 

 at about 16 acres. On the w. side, some 30 

 ft. above the first terrace, there was a sec- 

 ond slight terrace, now scarcely distin- 

 guishable. Patrick, who studied the 

 mound and its surroundings, and prepared 

 a model which was cast in iron ( now in the 

 Peabody Museum at Cambridge, Mass.), 

 represented a small level area or terrace 

 some 3 or 4 ft. below the level top. Omit- 

 ting the lower terrace and counting the 

 diameters of the base as 721 and 798 ft. , 

 and the height as 99 ft., without regard to 

 the upper level, the contents somewhat 

 exceed 18,690,000 en. ft. Adding the 

 terrace, 3,000,000 cu. ft., the total con- 

 tents amount to 21,690,000 cu. ft. The 

 wall of Ft Ancient, Ohio, has been fre- 

 quently referred to as one of the most 

 extensive ancient works of the United 

 States, yet the contents of the Cahokia 



CAHOKIA MOUND, ILLINOIS; HEIGHT, AS MEASURED BY 

 GREATEST LENGTH, 998 FT. 



mound would form a wall of the same 

 base and height exceeding 17 m. in 

 length, or more than five times the length 

 of the wall of Ft Ancient, and would 

 have required, according to the usual 

 method of calculation, the labor of 1,000 

 persons for 4| years, with the means 

 that prehistoric Indians had at hand. 

 The places from which the earth was 

 taken are apparent from the depressions 

 surrounding the Cahokia mound. In 

 1811, when visited by Brackenridge, the 

 largest terrace was used by a colony of 

 Trappists (whence sometimes the name 

 Monk's Mound) , who resided in several 

 small cabins on one of the smaller 

 mounds, which latter was cultivated as 

 a kitchen garden. See Brackenridge, 

 op. cit.; Bushnell, Cahokia and Surround- 

 ing IMound (Troup, Peabody Mus. Publ., 

 1904; Conant, Footprints of Vanished 

 Races, 1879; McAdams (1) Records of 

 Ancient Races, 1887, (2) Antiquities of 

 Cahokia, or 

 Monk's Mound, 

 1883. (c. T.) 



Cahuabi. A Pa- 

 pago village in 

 Arizona, near 

 the Sonora bor- 

 der, with 350 in- 

 habitants in 1863 

 and 80 familes in 

 1871. Cf. Gue- 

 ra li. 



Cahuabi. — W^ilbur in 

 Ind. Aff. Rep. 1871, 

 365, 1872. Cahua- 

 bia, — Poston in 

 Ind. Aff. Kep. 1863, 

 38.5, 1864. Cahua- 

 vi. — Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, June 19, 

 1863. Cusbabi.— 

 Browne, Apache Country, 291, 1869 (misprint from 

 Poston). 



Cahuenga. A former Gabrieleno ran- 

 cheria in Los Angeles co., Cal. 

 Cabeugna.— Ried (1852) quoted by Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, June 8, 1860. Cabuenga. — Hoffman in 

 Bull. Es.sex Inst., xvn,2, 1885. 



Cahunghage. A former Iroquois village 

 on the s. side of Oneida lake, N. Y. 



Cahunghage.— Esnauts and Rapillv, map, 1777. 

 Cahung-Hage.— Alcedo, Die. Geog.", i, 303, 1786. 

 Catumghage. — Lattre, map, 1784. 



Caiasban. An unidentified village or 

 tribe mentioned in 1687 to Joutel (Mar- 

 gry, Dec, III, 409, 1878), while he was 

 staying with the Kadohadacho on Red 

 r., of Louisiana, by the chief of that tribe 

 as being among his enemies. 



Caicaches. A tribe said to have lived 

 on the coast of Texas, but to have been 

 extinct by 1850. — Bollaertin Jour. Ethnol. 

 Soc. Lond., II, 265, 280, 1850. 



Caiman. A former Tepehuane pueblo 

 in Jalisco, Mexico. 



San Francisco.— Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., I, 469, 

 1902 (proi)alily the same). S. Francisco del 

 Caiman, — Orozeo y Berra, Geog., 281,1864. 



Caitsodammo. An unidentified village 



