BULL. 30] 



CARLANES CARLISLE SCHOOL 



207 



tions they were probably Mariposan, 

 though possibly Shoshonean. See Bar- 

 bour (1852) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., 

 spec, sess., 256, 1853; Royceinl8th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 782, 1899. 



Carlanes (so called from Carlana, their 

 chief). A band of Jicarilla who in 1719- 

 24 were on Arkansas r., n. e. of Santa Fe, 

 N. Mex. (Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Pa- 

 pers, V, 191, 197, note, 1890; Bancroft, 

 Ariz, and N. Mex., 23(3, 1889). Orozco y 

 Berra ( Geog. , 59, 1864 ) classes them as a 

 part of the Faraon Apache. 

 Apaches Carlanes. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Pa- 

 pers, V, 197, note, 1890. 



Carlisle School. The first nonreserva- 

 tion school established by the Govern- 

 ment was that of Carlisle, Pa., which had 

 its inception in the efforts of Gen. R. H. 

 Pratt, U. S. A., when a lieutenant in 

 charge of Indian prisoners of war at St 

 Augustine, Fla., from May 11, 1875, to 

 Apr. 14, 1878. When the release of these 

 prisoners was ordered, 22 of the young 

 men were led to ask for further educa- 

 tion, agreeing to remain in the E. 3 

 years longer if they could attend school. 

 These were placed in school at Hampton, 

 Va., and several other places. On Sept. 

 6, 1879, an order was issued transferring 

 the Carlisle Barracks, Pa., comprising 27 

 acres, from the War Department to the 

 Department of the Interior for Indian 

 school purposes, pending action bj' Con- 

 gress on a bill to establish such an institu- 

 tion. The bill became a law July 31, 1882. 



On Sept. 6, 1879, having been ordered 

 to report to the Secretary of the Interior, 

 Lieut. Pratt was directed to establish a 

 school at Carlisle and also to proceed to 

 Dakota and Indian Ter. for the purpose 

 of obtaining pupils. By the end of Octo- 

 ber he had gathered 136 Indians from the 

 Rosebud, Pine Ridge, and other agencies, 

 and, with 11 of the former Florida prison- 

 ers from Hampton, the school was for- 

 mally opened Nov. 1, 1879. 



Year after year since this modest be- 

 ginning the school has steadily progressed, 

 until its present (1905) enrollment is 

 1,000 pupils. Since the foundation of the 

 school nearly every tribe in the United 

 States has had representatives on its rolls, 

 and at the present time pupils from the 

 following tribes are in attendance: 

 Apache, Arapaho, Arikara, Assiniboin, 

 Bannock, Caddo, Catawba, Cayuga, Cher- 

 okee, Cayuse, Cheyenne, Chinook, Chip- 

 pewa, Choctaw, Clallam, Comanche, 

 Crow, Dalles, Delaware, "Digger," 

 "Grosventre," Iroquois, Kickapoo, Kla- 

 math, Mandan, Mashpee, Menominee, 

 Mission, Mohawk, Miami, Nez Perce, 

 Okinagan, Omaha, Oneida, Onondaga, 

 Osage, Ottawa, Paiute, Papago, Pawnee, 

 Penobscot, Piegan, Peoria, Pit River, 

 Pima, Potawatomi, Pueblo, Sauk and 



Fox, Sanpoil, Seneca, Shawnee, Shivwits, 

 Shoshoni, Siletz, Sioux, Stockbridge, St 

 Regis, Tonawanda, Tuscarora, Umpqua, 

 Ute, Wallawalla, Wichita, AVinnebago, 

 Wyandot, Wailaki, YokaiaPomo, Yuma, 

 and Zuni. There are also in attendance 

 68 Alaskans of various tribes. 



In the words of Gen. Pratt, the aim of 

 the .school "has been to teach English 

 and give a primary education and a 

 knowledge of some common and practical 

 industry and means of self-support among 

 civilized people. To this end regular 

 shops and farms were provided, where 

 the principal mechanical arts and farm- 

 ing are taught the boys, and the girls 

 taught cooking, sewing, laundry, and 

 housework," In pursuance of this policy 

 every inducement was offered to retain 

 pupils, to prevent their return to reserva- 

 tion life, and to aid them to make for 

 themselves a place among the people of 

 the E. In his first annual report on 

 the conduct of the school, Lieut. Pratt 

 announced that 2 boys and 1 girl had 

 been placed in the families of prosperous 

 citizens of Massachusetts, and subse- 

 quently that 5 girls and 16 boys had 

 found homes with white families in the 

 vicinity of Carlisle during the summer 

 months, thus enabling them by direct 

 example and association to learn the 

 ways of civilization. This was the corn- 

 mencement of the "outing system" that 

 has come to be a distinctive civilizing 

 feature not only of the Carlisle school 

 but of the Indian school service gener- 

 ally. While thus employed the pupils 

 attend the public schools whenever pos- 

 sible, and by association with white pupils 

 in classes and games also acquire an ac- 

 quaintance with civilized ways. In addi- 

 tion to these advantages the outing pupil 

 is paid a stipulated sum for his labor, 

 which tends to make him self-reliant and 

 impresses on him the value of time and 

 work. Of the thousand pupils at Car- 

 lisle at least half are placed at "outing" 

 during different periods and for varying 

 terms. An outing agent is employed, 

 who visits the pupils at intervals in their 

 temporary homes, observes their conduct 

 and progress, and looks after their wel- 

 fare. Frequent reports are required by 

 the school management from both em- 

 ployer and pupil, thus keeping each in 

 close touch with the school. The extent 

 and success of the " outing system " since 

 its inception is shown in the following 

 table: 



Admitted during 25 years 5, 170 



Discharged during 25 years 4, 210 



On rolls during fiscal year 1904 1, 087 



Outings, fiscal year 1904: Girls, 426; boys, 



498 924 



Outings during 21 years: Girls, 3,214; 



bovs, 5,118 8, 332 



Students' earnings, 1904 834, 970 



Students' earnings during last 15 yeanj.. $352,961 



