BULL. 30] 



CATAWBA 



215 



t^il)e^^ continued their warfare against the 

 Catawba, who were now 80 reduced that 

 they couhl make httle effectual retiist- 

 ance. In 1762 a small party of Shawnee 

 killed the noted chief of the tribe, King 

 Haiglar, near his own village. From this 

 time the Catawba ceased to be of impor- 

 tance except in conjunction with the 

 whites. In 1763 they had confirmed to 

 them a reservation, assigned a few years 

 before, of 15 m. square, on both sides of 

 Catawba r., within the present York and 

 Lancaster cos., S. C. On the approach 

 of the British troops in 1780 the Catawba 

 withdrew temporarily into Virginia, but 

 returned after the battle of Guilford 

 Court House, and established themselves 

 in 2 villages on the reservation, known 

 respectively as Newton, the principal vil- 

 lage, and Turkey Head, on opposite sides 

 of Catawba r. In 1826 nearly the whole 

 of their reservation was leased to whites 

 for a few thousand dollars, on which the 

 few survivors chiefly depended. About 

 1841 they sold to the state all but a single 

 square mile, on which they now reside. 

 About the same time a number of the Ca- 

 tawba, dissatisfied with their condition 

 among the whites, removed to the eastern 

 Cherokee in w. North Carolina, but find- 

 ing their position among their old ene- 

 mies equally unpleasant, all but one 

 or two soon went back again. An old 

 woman, the last survivor of this emigra- 

 tion, died among the Cherokee in 1889. 

 A few other Cherokee are now in- 

 termarried with that tribe. At a later 

 period some Catawba removed to the 

 Choctaw Nation in Indian Ter. and 

 settled near Scullyville, but are said 

 to be now extinct. About 1884 several 

 became converts of Mormon missionaries 

 in South Carolina and went with them to 

 Salt Lake City, Utah. 



The Catawba were sedentary agricul- 

 turists, and seem to have differed but 

 little in general customs from their neigh- 

 bors. Their men were respected, brave, 

 and honest, but lacking in energy. They 

 were good hunters, while their women 

 were noted makers of pottery and baskets, 

 arts which they still preserve. They 

 seem to have practised the custom of 

 head-flattening to a limited extent, as did 

 several of the neighboring tribes. By 

 reason of their dominant position they 

 gradually absorbed the broken tribes of 

 South Carolina, to the number, according 

 to Adair, of perhaps 20. 



In the early settlement of South Caro- 

 lina, about 1682, they were estimated at 

 l,500warriors, or about4, 600 souls; in 1728 

 at 400 warriors, orabout 1,400 persons. In 

 1738 they suffered from smallpox; and in 

 1743, after incorporating several small 

 tribes, numbered less than 400 warriors. 

 In 1759 thev again suffered from small- 



pox, and in 1761 had some 300 warriors, 

 orabout l,000i>eople. Thenumberwas re- 

 duced in 1775 to 400 souls; in 1780 it was 

 490; and in 1784 only 250 were reported. 

 The number given in 1822 is 450, and 

 Mills gives the population in 1826 as 

 only 110. In 1881 Gatschet found 85 on 

 the reservation, which, including 35 em- 

 ployed on neighboring farms, made a 

 total of 120. The present number is given 

 as 60, but as this apparently refers only 

 to those attached to the reservation, the 

 total may be about 100. 



See Lawson, History of Carolina, 1714 

 and 1860; Gatschet, Creek Migration Le- 

 gend, i-ii, 1884-88; Mooney (1) Siouan 

 Tribes of the East, Bull. 22, B. A. E., 

 1894, (2) in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 1900; H. 

 Lewis Scaife, History and Condition of 

 the Catawba Indians, 1896. (j. m.) 



Ani'ta'gua.— Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 509, 

 1900 (Cherokee name, pi). Atakwa. — Mooney, 

 Siouan Tribes, 67, 1894 (Cherokee form, sing."). 

 Cadapouces. — PiJnicaut (1708) in Margrv, Dec. v, 

 477, 1883. Calabaws.— Humphreys, Acct., 98, 1730 

 (misprint). Calipoas,— Census of lSn7 in School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 686, 1857. Canapouces.— 

 P^nicaut (1708) in Margry, D^c, v, .547, 1S,S3. 

 Catabans. — Rafinesque, int. Marshall, Ky., I, 24, 

 18'24. Catabas. — George Washington (1770) quoted 

 bv KaufiFmann, West Penn.. 396, 1851. Catabaw.— 

 Doc. of 1738 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vi, 137, 1855. 

 Catabaws.— Niles (1760) in Mass. Hist. Coll., 4th 

 s., V, 549. 1861. Catapaw.— Map of N. Am. and W. 

 Ind., 1720. Catapaws. — Gov. Johnson quoted bv 

 Rivers, Early Hist. So. Car., 94, 1S74. Catauba.— 

 Filson, Hist, of Ky., 84, 1793. Cataubos.— War 

 map, 1711-15, in Winsor, Hist. Am., v, 346, 1887. 

 Cataupa.— Potter (1768) in Mass. Hist. .Soc. Coll.. 

 1st s., X, 120, 1809. Catawba.— Albany conf. (1717) 

 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., v, 490, 1855. Catawbau.— 

 Hist. Coll. So. Car., II, 199, 1836. Catawbaw.— Man- 

 drillon, Spectateur Am6ricain, 1785. Cattabas. — 

 Doc. of 1715 in N. C. Records, ii,252, 1886. Catta- 

 baws.— Albany conf. (1717 ) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 

 v, 490, 1855. Cattawbas.— Clarke (1741), ibid., vi, 

 208, 18.55. Cattoways.— Stobo (1754) in The Olden 

 Time, I, 72, 1846 (incorrectly named as distinct 

 from Catawbas). Cautawba. — Clinton (1751) in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vi, 710, l.s55. Chatabas.— 

 Buchhanan. N. Am. Inds., 155, 1824. Contaubas.— 

 Oglethorpe (1743) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vi,243, 

 18-55. Cotappos.— Doc. of 1776 in Hist. Mag., 2d s., 

 II, 216, 1867. Cotawpees.— Rogers, N.Am. ,136,1765. 

 Cotobers.— Doc. of 1728 in Va. St. Pap., i, 215, 

 1875. Cuttambas. — German map of British colony, 

 ca. 1750. Cuttawa. — Vaugondy, map Partie de 

 I'Am. Sept., 17.55. Cuttawas.— Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, in, 292, 1S53. Ea-tau-bau.— Hawkins 

 (1799), Sketch, 62, 1848 (misprint). Elaws.— Cra- 

 ven (1712 ) in N. C. Records, i, 898, 1886 (misprint). 

 Esau.— Martin, Hist. N. C, I, 194, 1829. Esaws.— 

 Law.son (1714), Hist. Carolina, 73, 1860. Flat- 

 heads. — Albany conf. (1715) in X. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., V, 437, 1855. Issa. — Juan de la Vandera 

 (1-569) in French, Hist. Coll., Il, 291, 1875. Kada- 

 pau.— Law.son (1714), Hist. Carolina, 76, 1860. 

 Kadapaw.— Mills, Stat, of S. C, 109, 1826. Kad- 

 depaw.— Ibid.,770. Kaddipeaw.— Ibid., 638. Kat- 

 abas. — Jour. (17-58) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 

 843, 18.58. Katahta.— Adair, Hi.st. Am. Inds., 223, 

 1775. Kataubahs.— Drake, Bk. Inds., bk.' 4. 25, 

 1848. Kattarbe.— Ibid., 27. Kattaupa.— De I'lsle, 

 map, in Winsor, Hist. Am., ll, 295, 1886. Ker- 

 shaws,— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, ll. 344, 1853. 

 Ojadagochroshne. — Albany conf. ;1720) in N. Y. 

 Doc.Cul. Hist.,v, 567, 18-55. Oyadagahroenes. — Doc. 

 of 1713. ibid., note, 386. Tadirighrones. — Albany 

 conf. (1722), ibid., 660. Tagua.— Moonev in 19th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 609, 1900 (Cherokee form, sing.; 

 also Ata'gw(l). Toderichroone. — Albany conf. 

 (1717) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., v, 491, 1856. Toti- 



