BULL. 30J 



CATHLANAHQUIAH CATLINITE 



217 



Cathlamah. — Lewis and Clark, Exped., i, map; 

 11, 473, 1.S14. Cathlamaks. — Domenech, Deserts 

 N. Am., II, IC), IstlO. Cath-la-mas, — Gass, Jour., 

 189, 1807. Cathlamats.— Stuart in Nouv. Ann. Vov., 

 X, 23, 1821. Cathlamet.— Hale in U. S. £xpl. Ex- 

 ped., VI, 215, 1846. Cathlamuts,— Seouler in Jour. 

 Ethnol. Soc. Lond., l, 237, 184S. Cathlamux.— Ross, 

 Adventures, 87, 1849. Cathlawah. — Lewis and 

 Clark, Exped., ll, 109, 1817. Cathlumet.— Medill 

 in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 30th Cong., 1st sess., 7, 1848. . 

 Catlahmas.— Snelling, Tales of Travel, 78, 1830. 

 Cuthlamuhs.— Robertson, Oregon, 12i>. 1846. Cuth- 

 lamuks. — Robertson in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 30th 

 Cong., 1st sess., 9, 1848. Guasamas. — Gatschet, 

 MS., B. A. E. (Clackama name). Guithlameth'. — 

 Ibid. Kathlamet. — Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, i, 521, 

 1853. Kat-hlamet.— Gibbs, Chinook vocab., 4, 1863. 

 Kathlamit.— Liine in Ind. Aff. Rep., 162, 1850. 

 Kathlamut.— Latham, Nat. Hist. Man., 317, 1850. 

 Kathlemit.^Lane in Sen. E.x. Dop. 52, 31st Cong., 

 1st sess., 174, 1S.50. Katlamak. — Framboise quoted 

 by Gairdner (1835) in Jour. Geog. Soc. Lond., xi, 

 255, 1841. Katlamat.— Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped., 

 VI, 215, 1846. Katlammets.— Townsend, Narr., 175, 

 1839. Kwillu'chinl.— Gibbs, MS., B. A. E. (Chinook 

 name). 



Cathlanahquiah ( ' people of the r. Na- 

 qoaix'). A Chinookaii tribe living in 

 1806, according to Lewis and Clark, on 

 the s. w. side of Wappatoo, now Sauvies 

 id., Multnomah co., Greg., and number- 

 ing 400 souls. 



Cath-lah-nah-quiah..— Lewis and Clark Exped., 

 Cones ed., 931, 1893. Gathlanahquiah. — Lewis and 

 Clark, Exped., ll, 226, 1814. Cathlanaquiah. — 

 Drake, Bk. Inds., vi, 1848. GaLa'naqoa-ix. — Boas, 

 inf'n, 1904. Gatlanakoa-iq. — Lewis and Clark 

 Exped., Coues ed., 931, note, 1893 (Cathlamet 

 name). Nekuaix.— Gatschet MS., B. A. E., 1877 

 (Clackama name). 



Catlilapotle( 'people of Lewis [NiVjtldLX-l 

 r.' ). A Chinookan tribe formerly living 

 on the lower part of Lewis r. and on the 

 s. w. side of Columbia r., in Clarke co., 

 Wash. In 1806 Lewis and Clark esti- 

 mated their number at 900 in 14 large 

 wooden houses. Their main village was 

 Nahpooitle. (l. f. ) 



Cath-lah-poh-tle. — Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, iv, 

 214, 1905. Cathlapootle.— Morse, Rep. to Sec. War, 

 368, 1822. Cathlapoutles. — Stuart in Nouv. Ann. 

 Voy., X, 115, 1821. Cathlapouttes.— Ibid.,29. Cat- 

 lipoh. — Coues, Jour. Henry and Thompson, 821, 

 1897. Catlipoks.— Ibid., 798. Cattleputles.— Ross, 

 Advent., 87, 1849. Ga'LaploLx.— Boas, inf'n, 1904. 

 Ga'tlap'otlh. — Lewis and Clark E.xped., Coues 

 ed., 914, note, 1893 (Cathlamet name). Guathla'- 

 payak.— Gatschet, MS., B. A. E., 1877 (Clackama 

 name). Kathlapootle.— Franchere, Narr., Ill, 1854. 

 Katlaportl. — Framboise quoted by Gairdner in 

 Jour. Geog. Soc. Lond., xi, 2.55, 1841. Nah-poo- 

 itle.— Lyman in Oreg. Hist. Soc. Quar., I, 322, 1900. 

 Quathlahpohtle. — Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, iv, 

 212, 1905. ftuathlahpothle.— Kelly, Oreg., 68, 1830. 

 ftuathlahpotle.— Lewis and Clark, Exped., ii, 469, 

 1814. Quatblapohtle. — Oreg. Jour. Lewisand Clark, 

 VI, 68, 1905. 



CatMathlalas. A Chinookan tribe liv- 

 ing on both sides of Columbia r., just be- 

 low the cascades, in 1812. Their number 

 was placed at 500. 



Cath-lath-la-las. — Stuart in Nouv. Ann. Voy., xil, 

 23, 1821. Cathlathlaly. — Cones, Jour. Henry and 

 Thompson, 801, 1897. Cathlathlas.— Morse, Rep. 

 to Sec. War, 368, 1822. 



Catlinite ( red pipestone ) . Smoking was 

 a custom of great moment among the ab- 

 origines of northern America, and much 

 time and labor were expended in the 

 manufacture and decoration of the tobacco 



pipe, which is often referred to as "the 

 sacred calumet," because of its important 

 place in the ceremonial affairs of the 

 people. A favorite material for these 

 pipes was the red claystone called catlin- 

 ite, obtained from a quarry in s. w. Minne- 

 sota, and so named because it was first 

 brought to the attention of mineralogists 

 by George Catlin, the noted traveler and 

 painter of Indians. Stone of closely analo- 

 gous characters, save in the matter of 

 color, is found in many localities and has 

 been used by the Indians for the manu- 

 facture of pipes and other articles, but so 

 far as known to us it has not been quar- 

 ried to any considerable extent. Catlin- 

 ite is a very handsome stone, the color 

 varying from a pale grayish-red to a dark 

 red, the tints being sometimes so broken 

 and distributed as to give a mottled ef- 

 fect. It is a line-grained, argillaceous 

 sediment, and when freshly quarried is 

 so soft as to be readily carved with stone 

 knives and drilled with primitive hand 

 drills. The analysis made by Dr Charles 

 F. Jackson, of Boston, who gave the min- 

 eral its name, is as follows: Silica, 48.20; 

 alumina, 28.20; ferric oxide, 5; carbon- 

 ate of lime, 2.60; manganous oxide, 0.60; 

 magnesia, 6; water, 8.40; loss, 1. 



The deposit of catlinite occurs in a 

 broad, shallow, prairie valley, on the mar- 

 gin of which is situated the town of Pipe- 

 stone, county seat of Pipestone co. The 

 outcrop was probably discovered by the 

 natives where it had been slightly ex- 

 posed in the bed of the small stream now 

 called Pipestone cr., which descends into 

 the valley on the e. in a fall 18 ft. in 

 height, and traverses the basin, passing 

 out to the N. w. So far as exposed, the 

 stratum of pipestone varies from 10 to 

 20 in. in thickness, the band of pure, 

 fine-grained stone available for the manu- 

 facture of pipes rarely measuring more 

 than 3 or 4 in. in thickness. This stra- 

 tum is embedded between massive 

 layers of compact quartzite which dip 

 slightly to the eastward, so that in work- 

 ing it the overlying quartzite had to be 

 broken up and removed, the difficulty 

 of this task increasing with every foot of 

 advance. With the stone implements in 

 use in early times the process was a very 

 tedious one, and the excavations were 

 consequently quite shallow. The ledge 

 which crosses the stream approximately 

 at right angles had been followed to the 

 right and left by the quarrymen until the 

 line of pittings, rather conventionally 

 shown in Catlin's plate 151, was nearly a 

 mile in length. These ancient diggings 

 have been ahnost obliterated by the more 

 recent operations, which since the advent 

 of the whites have been greatly acceler- 

 ated by the introduction of steel sledges, 

 picks, shovels, and crowbars. It is said 



