222 



CAWASUMSEUCK CAYOOSH CREEK 



[b. a. e. 



SECTION OF ROCK SHELTER 



of danger and for the performance of re- 

 ligious rites. In numerous cases deposits 

 of sacriticial offerings are found, and tlie 

 walls are covered with symbolic or other 

 paintings or engravings. The Zufli em- 

 ploy caverns as shrines and as depositories 

 for images of their gods and the painted 

 bones of animals, and caves have an impor- 

 tant place in the genesis myths of many 

 tribes. Burial in caves was common, and 

 chambers of various depths from the sur- 

 face were used. Pits and crevices in the 

 rocks were also repositories for the dead. 



Far better adapted to man's use as 

 dwellings than the deep caves are the 

 rock recesses or shelters which owe their 

 origin not to the action of underground 

 waters, but to undercutting by the 

 waters of the sea or lakes and ordinary 

 streams or to disintegration of portions of 

 steep rock faces aided by wind action. 

 These recesses often have somewhat level 

 floors and arched 

 roofs, formed by 

 hard layers of 

 rock, which ex- 

 pand toward the 

 front, thus form- 

 ing roomy and 

 well-lighted 

 dwelling places. 

 They are no- 

 where so numer- 

 ous as in the plateau region of the Colo- 

 rado and Rio Grande valleys, where the 

 well-exposed rock faces in a multitude of 

 cases are deeply undercut by the gnaw- 

 ing agencies of disintegration aided by 

 the winds. In this region man was not 

 content with the natural shelters so 

 abundantly furnished, but the recesses 

 were enlarged, and in places where the 

 rock was massive and easily worked great 

 numbers of chambers were excavated 

 for dwellings. See Archeology, Antiquity, 

 Cliff-dwellings. 



Consult Andrews in 11th Rep. Pea- 

 body Mus., 1878; Dall (1) in Cont. N. A. 

 EthnoL, I, 1877, (2) in Smithson. Cont., 

 XXII, 1878; Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. 

 Hist. Tenn., 1823; Holmes in Am. An- 

 throp.. Ill, no. 3, 1890; Jones in Smith- 

 son. Cont., XXII, 1876; Mercer (1) in 

 Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, pt 2, 

 1896; (2) in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, 

 XXXIV, no. 149, 1895; (3) in Pubs. Univ. 

 Pa., VI, 1897; Mitchell in Trans. Am. 

 Antiq. Soc, i, 1820; Palmer in llth Rep. 

 Peabody Mus., 1878; Peabody in Am. 

 Anthrop., vii, no. 3, 1905; Peabody and 

 Moorehead, Bull. 1, Dept. Archfeol., 

 Phillips Acad. , 1904; Putnam in Peabody 

 Mus. Reps.; Sinclair in Univ. Cal. Publ., 

 Am. Archffiol. and Ethnol., ii, no. 1, 

 1904; Stevenson in 23d Rep. B. A. E., 

 1905; Yarrow in 1st Rep. B. A. E., 1881. 



(VV. H. H.) 



Cawasumseuck, Given by Williams in 

 1643 as the name by which some tribe, 

 settlement, or band of New I^ngland In- 

 dians called themselves (Mass. Hist. Soc. 

 Coll., 1st s.. Ill, 205, 1794). To what 

 Indians he refers is unknown, but it is 

 possibly to some then living on Cawsum- 

 sett Neck, near Pawtucket r., R. I. 



Cawruuoc. A village in 1585, perhaps 

 belonging to the Neusiok, and seemingly 

 situated on the n. side of Neuse r., in the 

 present Craven co., N. C. 

 Cawruuoc. — Smith (1629), Va., 1, map, repr. 1819. 

 Cwarenuock. — Dutch map (1621) in N. Y. Doe. 

 Col. Hist., I, 1856. 



CawwontoU. — A village of the Powhatan 

 confederacy in 1608, on the n. bank of 

 the Rappahannock, in Richmond co., 

 Va. — Smith (1629), Va., i, map, repr. 

 1819. 



Cayahasomi. The Partridge clan of the 

 Acheha phratry of the ancient Timucua 

 tribe of Florida. — Pareja {ca. 1612) 

 quoted by Gatschet in Proc. Am. Philos. 

 Soc, XVII, 492, 1878. 



Cayahoga {Kaynha'ge', 'the fork of the 

 stream.' — Hewitt). A village, perhaps 

 belonging to the Wyandot, formerly sit- 

 uated on the N. E. side of Cuyahoga r. , 

 near Akron, Ohio. 



Cajocka.— Stoddart (1753) inN.Y.Doc. Col. Hist., 

 VI, 779, 1856. Cajuhaga.— Clinton (1750) , ibid., .548. 

 Caniahaga,— Albany conf. (17.51), ibid., 720. Caua- 

 hogue.— Esnauts aiid Rapilly, map, .1777. Caya- 

 hagah, — Lindesav (1761) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 

 VI, 706, 1855. Oayahoga.— Hutching, map (1764) 

 in Smith, Bocjuet Exped., 1766. Cwahago. — 

 Esnauts and Kapilly, map, 1777. Gwahago, — 

 Lotter, map, ca. 1770. Kaya'ha'ge'.— Hewitt, 

 inf n, 1903. Kichaga.— Doc. of 1747 in N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., VI, 391, 18.55. Kyahagah.— Lindesav 

 (1751), ibid., 706. 



Cayas. A tribe visited by the De Soto 

 expedition in 1542, apparently in _w. Ar- 

 kansas. Schoolcraft's identification of 

 the name with Kansa is of very doubtful 

 value. 



Cayas.— Ranjel (1543) in Smith, Col. Doc. Fla., 

 I, 60, 18.57. Cayase.— Ranjel (1543) quoted by 

 Bourne, Narr. De Soto, II, 147, 1904. 



Cayeguas. A former Chumashan vil- 

 lage on the Cayeguas ranch, Ventura co., 

 Cal. 



Cayeguas.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, July 24, 1863. 

 Cayuguis.— Ibid., May 4, 1860 (located at Punta 

 Alamo). Ka-y6'-w6c." — Henshaw, Buenaventura 

 vocab., B. A. E., 1884 (c=sh). 



Caymus. A former Yukian Wappo 

 village on the site of the present Yount- 

 ville, in Napa valley, Cal. (s. a. b. ) 



Caymas.— Bartlett, Pers. Narr., ll, 20-21, 1854. 

 Caymus.— Revere, Tour of Duty, 91-93, 1849. 



Cayomulgi. An ancient Upper Creek 

 town on a stream which joins Coosa r. at 

 Coussa (Kusa) town, Ala. Possibly for 

 Okmulgee, an ancient Creek town in e. 

 Georgia. 



Cayomugi,— Bartram, Voy., i, map, 1799. Cayo- 

 mulgi.— Philippeaux, map of Engl. Col., 1781. 



Cayoosh Creek. A local name for two 

 bodies of Upper Lillooet Indians of Sali- 

 shan stock near the junction of Bridge 

 and Fraser rs. , Brit. Col. Population of 



