224 



CAYUSE 



[b. a. e. 



1816. Ga-u'-gweh. — Morgan, League Iroq., 159, 

 1851. Gayuga,— Pyrlaeus (ca. 1750) quoted in Am. 

 Antiq., IV, 75, 1881. Gogouins.— Chauvignerie 

 (1736) quoted by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iii 555, 

 18.53. Goiogoiiens,— Jes. Rel. for 1670, 75, 1858. 

 Goiogouioronons.— Cdurcelles {ca. 1670) in Margry, 

 Dec, I, 178, 1.S75. Gojogoiien. — Jes. Rel. for 1671, 

 3, 1858. Gooiogouen. — Lotter, map, ca. 1770. Go- 

 yagouins. — Bacqueville de la Potherie, Hist. Am., 

 in, 3, 1753. Goyogans. — La Hontan (1703) quoted 

 by Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 313, 1816. Goyogo- 

 ans. — La Hontan, New Vov., l, map, 1703. Goyo- 

 goin.— Pouchot (1758) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 

 694, 1858. Goyogouans. — La Hontan, New Vov., 



I, 39, 1703. Goyogouens.— Louis XIV (1699) in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., ix, 698, 1X55. Goyogouin.— 

 Bacqueville de la Potherie, Hist. Am., iii, 27, 

 1753. Goyoguans. — La Hontan, New Voy., I, 231, 

 1703. Goyoguen. — Bellin, map, 1755. Goyoguin.— 

 Jes. Rel., Ill, index, 1858. Goyoguoain.— Denon- 

 Ville (1685) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hi.st., ix, 282, 18.5.5. 

 Go-yo-gwe"''. — Hewitt. MS. Mohawk vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1882 (Mohawk name). Guigouins. — 

 Jefferys, Fr. Dom., pt. 1, 117, 1761. Gwaugueh.— 

 Morgan, League Iroq., map, 1851. Gwe-u-gweh-o- 

 no'. — Ibid., 51 ('people of the mucky land': 

 own name). Honosuguaxtu-wane. — Gatschet, 

 Seneca MS., B. A. E., 1882 ('big pipes': Seneca 

 ceremonial name). Kanawa. — Gatschet, Shaw- 

 nee MS., B. A. E., 1879 (Shawnee name). Ka- 

 yowgaws. — Horaann Heir.?' map, 1756. Kayugue- 

 ono".— Gatschet, Seneca MS., B. A. E., 1882 (Sen- 

 eca name). Kei-u-gues. — Dudlev (1721) in Mass. 

 Hi.st. Soc. Coll., 2d s., vill, '244, 1819. Ko-'se-a- 

 ?e'-nyo". — Hewitt, Cayuga MS. vocab., B. A. E., 

 1884 (another Cayuga name). Ko-yo-konk- 

 ha-ka. ^Hewitt, Mohawk MS. vocab., B. A. E., 

 1882 (a Mohawk name). Kuenyugu-haka. — Gnf- 

 schet, Tuscarora MS., B. A. E., 18S2 i rtiscanira 

 name). Kuyuku-haga. — Gatschet, Mohawk MS., 

 B. A. E., 1879 (Mohawk name). Oiogoen.— .Us. 

 Rel. for 1656, 20, 1858. Oiogoenhronnons.— Iljid., 2',i. 

 Oiogouan. — Jes. Rel. for 1657, 15, l.s.')8. Oiogou- 

 anronnon. — Ibid. Oiogouen. — La Salle (1G79) in 

 Margry, D6c., l, 504, 1875. Oiogouenronnon. — Jes. 

 Rel. for 1657, 18, 1858. Oiogouin.— La Barre (l('>s:; i 

 in Margry, Dt>c., ll, 330, 1877. Oiougovenes. — Bar 

 cia, Ensayo, 225, 17'23. Oiongoveres.— Ibid,, 220. 

 Onionenhronnons. — Jes. Rel. for 1053 (misprint). 

 Oniouenhronon, — Jes. Rel. for 1640, 35, 1858 (rai.s- 

 print). Orongouens. — Hennepin, Cont. of New 

 Disc, 93, 1698. Oiiioenrhonons. — Jes. Rel. for 1635, 

 34, 1858. Ouiouenronnons,— Jes. Rel. for 1647, 40, 

 1858. Oyogouins. — La Barre (1683) in Margry, Dec, 



II, 332, 1.S77. Petuneurs.— Greenhalgh (1677) in 

 N. Y. Doc. C'til. Hi.st., Ill, 2,5'2, 18.53 (French name), 

 ftueyugwe.— Macauley, N. Y., Ii, 176, 1829. 

 ftueyugwehaughga. — Ibid., 185. Quingoes. — Cour- 

 sey (1682) in N. Y. Doc Col. Hist., XIll, 5.58, 1881 

 (misprint), ftuiquogas. — Stone, Life of Brant, I, 

 401, 1864. ftuiuquuhs.— Edwards (1751) in Mass. 

 Hist. Soc Coll., l.sts,, X, 146, 1809. Sanonawanto- 

 ■wane.— (latschet in Am. Antiq., iv, 75, 1881. 

 Shoneanawetowah. — Macauley, N. Y.,ii, 185, 1829. 

 Shononowendos. — Ibid. S'ho-ti-noii-na-wa"-t6'-na.— 

 Hewitt, from Tuscarora informant, 1886 ('they 

 are great iiipes': council name). So-nus'-ho-gwa- 

 to-war, — Morgan, League Iroq., 423, 1851 ('great 

 pipe': council name). Soon-noo-daugh-we-no- 

 wenda. — Macauley, N. Y., ii, 185, 1829. 



Cayuse. A Waiilatpuan tribe formerly 

 occupying the territory about the heads 

 of Wallawalla, Umatilla, and Grande 

 Ronde rs. and from the Blue mts. to Des- 

 chtites r. in Washington and Oregon. 

 The tribe has always been closely asso- 

 ciated with the neighboring Nez Perces 

 and Wallawalla, and was regarded by the 

 early explorers and writers as belonging 

 to the same stock. So far as the avail- 

 able evidence goes, however, they must 

 be considered linguistically independent. 

 The Cayuse have always been noted for 

 their bravery, and owing largely to their 



constant struggles with the Snake and 

 other tribes, have been numerically weak. 

 According to Gibbs there were few pure- 

 blood Cayuse left in 1851, intermar- 

 riage, particularly with the Nez Perces, 

 having been so prevalent that even the 

 language was falling into disuse. In 1855 

 the Cayuse joined in the treaty by which 

 the Umatilla res. was formed, and since 

 that time have resided within its limits. 

 Their number is officially reported as 

 404 in 1904; but this figure i.s misleading. 



CAYUSE. (pAUL SHOWEWAY, CHIEf) 



as careful inquiry in 1902 failed to dis- 

 cover asingle one of pure blood on the res- 

 ervation and the language is practically ex- 

 tinct. The tribe acquired wide notoriety 

 in the early days of the white settlement 

 of the territory. In 1838 a mission was 

 established among the Cayuse by Marcus 

 Whitman at the site of the present town 

 of Whitman, Wallawalla co.. Wash. In 

 1847 smallpox carried off a large part of 

 the tribe. The Cayuse, believing the 

 missionaries to be the cause, attacked 

 them, murdered Whitman and a num- 

 ber of others, and destroyed the mission. 

 Owing to the confusion in the early ac- 

 counts it is difficult to differentiate the 

 Cayuse from the Nez Perces and Walla- 

 walla, but there is no reason to suppose 

 ' that in haV)its and customs they differed 

 markedly from those tribes. (l. f. ) 

 Caaguas.— Palmer, Trav. Rockv Mts., 53, 1852. 

 Cailloux,— Hale, Ethnog. and Philol., 214, 1846. 

 Cajouses.— Ross, Advent., r27, 1849. Cayoose.— 



