256 



CHEYENNE 



[b. a. e. 



under Whirlwind, who remained passive 

 near the agency at Darlington, in allusion 

 to the well-known readiness of the Pena- 

 teka Comanche to sell their services as 

 scouts against their own tribesmen on the 

 plains. 



(e) Mdhoyum, 'red tipi'; this name, 

 in the form Miayuma, ' red lodges,' is 

 erroneously given in the Clarke SiS., in 

 possession of Grinnell, as the name of a 

 band or division, but is really only the 

 name of a heraldic tipi belonging by 

 hei'edity to a family of the Ho'nowa di- 

 vision, now living with the Southern 

 Cheyenne. 



(f) Wi'iopotsVt. (AVohkpotsit, Grinnell), 

 'white wolf (?) A numerous family 

 group taking its name from a noted com- 

 mon ancestor, in the southern liranch of 

 the tribe, who died about 1845. The 

 name literally implies something having 

 a white and frosty appearance, as hide- 

 scrapings or a leaf covered with frost. 



(g) 2o/o/Hia»a (Tiitoimaniih, Grinnell), 

 'backward or shy clan,' a modern nick- 

 name applied liy the Northern Cheyenne 

 to a band on Tongue r. , " because they 

 prefer to camp by themselves" (Grin- 

 nell). From the same root comes toto, 

 'crawfish,' referring to its going back- 

 ward (Petter). 



(h) Black Lodges. A local designation 

 or nickname f t)r those Northern Cheyenne 

 living in the neighborhood of Lame Deer 

 "because they are on friendly terms with 

 the band of Crows known as Black 

 Lodges" (Grinnell, ibid.). 



(i) Ree band. A local designation or 

 nickname for those Northern Cheyenne 

 living about Rosebud cr. , " because among 

 them there are several men who are re- 

 lated to the Rees" (Grinnell, ibid.). 



(j) Yellow Wolf band (Culbertson, 

 Jour., 1850). From another reference 

 this is seen to be only a temporary band 

 designation from a chief of that name. 



(k) Half-breed 6a»d (Culbertson, Jour., 

 1850). Probably only a temporary local 

 designation, perhaps from a chief of that 

 name (Mooney). 



The Warrior Organization {NiiHqiu, 

 'warriors,' 'soldiers'; sing., Nutaq) of 

 the Cheyenne is practically the same as 

 found among the Arapaho, Kiowa, and 

 most other Plains tribes (see Military So- 

 cieties), and consists of the following 6 

 societies, with possibly one or more 

 extinct: (1) Hotamitii^nio, 'dog men'; 

 (2) Woksihitiinio, '(kit) fox men,' 

 alias Motsonitiinio, 'flint men'; (3) 

 Hi^moiyoqis 'pointed-lance men' (Pet- 

 ter) or Oomi-nutqiu, 'coyote warriors'; 

 (4) Muhohivas, 'red shield,' alias Ho- 

 toanu^tqiu, 'buffalo bull warriors'; (5) 

 Himdtanohis, 'bowstring (men)'_; (6) 

 Hotam-imsiiw', 'crazy dogs.' This last 

 society is of modern origin. Besides 



these the members of the council of 

 44 chiefs were sometimes considered 

 to constitute in themselves another soci- 

 ety, the Yi^hiyo, 'chiefs.' The equivalent 

 list given by Clark (Ind. Sign Lang.), 

 omitting No. 6, is Dog, Fox, Medicine 

 Lance, Bull, Bowstring, and Chief. There 

 seems to have been no fixed rule of 

 precedence, but the Hotamitii^niu, or 

 ' ' Dog soldiers ' ' as they came to be known 

 to the whites, acquired most prominence 

 and distinctive character from the fact 

 that by the accession of the entire warrior 

 force of the Masfkota division, asalready 

 noted, they, with their families, took on 

 the character of a regular tribal division 

 with a place in the tribal circle. From 

 subsequent incorporation by intermar- 

 riage of numerous Sioux, Arapaho, and 

 other alien elements their connection 

 with their own tribe was correspondingly 

 weakened, and they formed the habit of 

 camping apart from the others and acting 

 with the Sioux or as an independent body. 

 They were known as the most aggressive 

 of the hostiles until defeated, with the 

 loss of their chief. Tall Bull, by Gen. 

 Carr's forces in 1869. 



Consult Clark, Ind. Sign Lang, (arti- 

 cles, Cheyenne and Soldier), 1885; Cul- 

 bertson in Smithson. Rep. 1850, 1851; 

 Dorsey, The Cheyenne, Field Columb. 

 Mus. Publ., Anthrop. ser., ix, nos. 1 and 2, 

 1905; Grinnell, various letters and pub- 

 lished papers, notably Social Org. of the 

 Clieyennes, in Proc. Internat. Cong. 

 Americanists for 1902, 1905; Hay den, 

 Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. \'al., 1862; In- 

 dian Treaties, eds. 1837, 1873; Lewis 

 and Clark, Exped., various editions; Mar- 

 gry, Decouvertes, ii, 1877; Maximilian, 

 Travels, 1843; Mooney (1) Ghost Dance 

 Religion, 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1896, 

 (2) Calendar Hist, of the Kiowa, 17th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1898, (3) Cheyenne MS., 

 B. A. E. ; Reports of the Commissioner 

 of Indian Affairs; War Dept. Rec. of 

 Engagements with Hostile Inds., 1882; 

 Williamson in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll. 

 I, 1872. (.T. M.) 



a--was-she-tan-qua, — Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., 

 II Ixxxiv, IHSS (Hidatsa name). Bahakosin. — 

 Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. K., 1023, 1896 ( 'striped 

 arrows': Caddo name). Black-arms.— Long, op. 

 cit., I, 465, 18'23 (evidently an error for 'cut- 

 arms,' one of the renedrings of the tribal sign). 

 Ca^ani,— Dorsey, Osage MS., vocab., B. A. E., 1883 

 (Osage name. c=sh, ^=dh, i. e. ShadhSni). 

 Cahiejia.— Dorsev, (pegiha MS. Diet.. B. A. E. 

 (Omaha and P'onka name; pron. Sh.4hi(5dha). 

 Cayani. — Dorsey, Kansa MS. vocab., B. A. E., 

 1882 (Kansa name; pron. Shaydni). Chaa.— 

 La Salle (1680) in Margry, DiJc., ii, 54, 1877. 

 Chaguyennes.— Perrin du Lac, Voy., 307, 1806. 

 Chaienne.— Williamson in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., 

 1,296, 1872 (given as a French form). Chaoenne. — 

 Lewis, Travels, 15, 1809. Chawas.— Sc]io()lcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, 1, 198, 1S51. Chayenne.— Clark (1804) in 

 Lewis and Clark Jour., 1, 175,1904. Cheyennes.— 

 Cass (1834) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, ill, 609, 1853. 

 Chians.— Sen. Ex. Doc. 90, 22d Cong., 1st sess., 31, 

 1832. Chien.— Lewis and Clark, Travels, 35, 1806 



