260 



CHICKAMAUGA CHICKASAW 



[b. a. e. 



'cleared,' and implying a clearing — 

 Gerard). A trilie of the Powhatan con- 

 federacy, formerly living on Chicka- 

 hominyr.,Va. It was one of the most 

 important tribes in Virginia, numbering 

 250 warriors, or perhaps 900 souls, in 

 1608, and was not so directly under the 

 control of Powhatan as the other tribes 

 over which he ruled. In 1613 they en- 

 tered into an alliance with the English 

 and assumed the name of Tassautessus 

 {sic), or "Englishmen." In 1669 they 

 were still estimated at 60 warriors, possi- 

 bly 220 souls, but in 1722 were reported 

 to number only about 80. Their last 

 public notice occurs in this same year, 

 when, in connection with the Pamunkey, 

 they were named in the Albany confer- 

 ence with the Iroquois as among the Vir- 

 ginia tribes not to be molested by the 



CHICKAHOMINY WOMAN. (mOONEy) 



latter. A mixed-blood band numbering 

 about 220 still keeps up the name, but 

 without regular tribal organization, on 

 both sides of Chickahominy r. in iSfew 

 Kent and Charles City cos., Va., with 

 Wm. H. Adkins as chief in 1905. They 

 are on close terms of association with the 

 neighboring bands of Pamunkey and 

 Mattapony. On the origin and applica- 

 tion of the name consult Tooker, Algonq. 

 Sen, IX, 1900; Gerard in Am. Anthrop., 

 VII, 224, 1905. (j. M.) 



Chechohomynies, — Smith, Works, Arber ed., Ixxv, 

 1884. Checkahomanies. — Harris, Voy. and Trav., I, 

 839,1705. Chekahomanies. — Ibid. Chicahamanias. — 

 Smith (1629), Virginia, ll, 16, repr. 1S19. Chicho- 

 minys. — Albany conference (1722) in N. Y. Doe. 

 Col. Hist., V, 673, 1855. Chickahamanias. — Smith 

 (1629), Virginia, ii, 27, repr. 1819. Chickaha- 

 mines. — Strachey (co. 1612), Virginia, 51, 1849. 

 Chickahomines.— Boudinot, Star in the West, 126, 



1816. Chickahominys, — Spotswood (1712) in Va. 

 Hist. Soc. Coll., n. s., l, 157, l.s.S2. Chickahomones.— 

 Jefferson (17.H1) in .Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 36, 

 1855. Chickahomonie, — Beverly, Virginia, 199, 

 1722. Chikahominy.— Martin, N. C, l, 78, 1829. 

 Tassautessus.— Smith (1624), Works, Arber ed., 

 515, 1884 ('.strangers,' 'Englishmen,' an adopted 

 name). Vttasantasough. — Simmonds (1612-24), 

 ibid., 430. 



Chickamauga {Tsihumafgi, a word ap- 

 parently of foreign origin and probably 

 Shawnee, Creek, or Chickasaw). The 

 name given to a band of Cherokee who 

 espoused the English cause in the war of 

 the Revolution and moved far down on 

 Tennessee r., establishing new settle- 

 ments on Chickamauga cr., in the neigh- 

 borhood of the present Chattanooga. 

 Under this name they soon became noted 

 for their uncompromising and never- 

 ceasing hostility. In 1782 their towns 

 were destroyed by Sevier and Campbell, 

 and they iiioved farther down the river, 

 establishing what were afterward known 

 as the "five lower towns," Running 

 Water, Nickajack, Long Island, Crow 

 Town, and Lookout Mountain Town. 

 Here they were continually recruited by 

 Creeks, Shawnee, and white Tories, until 

 they were estimated to number a thou- 

 sand warriors. They continued hostili- 

 ties against the Tennessee settlements 

 until 1794, when their towns were de- 

 stroyed. — Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 

 54, 41.3, 537, 1900. 



Chickasaw. An important Muskhogean 

 tribe, closely related to the Choctaw in 

 language and customs, although the two 

 tribes were mutually hostile. Aside 

 from tradition, the earliest habitat trace- 

 al)le for the Chickasaw is n. Mississippi. 

 Their villages in the 18th century cen- 

 tered about Pontotoc and Union cos., 

 where the headwaters of the Tombigbee 

 meet those of Yazoo r. and its affluent, the 

 Tallahatchie, about where the De Soto 

 narratives place them in 1540, under 

 the name Chicaza. Their main landing 

 place on the INIississippi was at Chick- 

 asaw Bluffs, now the site of Memphis, 

 Tenn., whence a trail more than 160 m. 

 long led to their villages. They had two 

 other landing places farther up the Mis- 

 sissippi. Adair, who for many years was 

 a trader among the Chickasaw and gives 

 a full and circumstantial account of 

 them (Hist. Am. Inds., 352-373, 1775), 

 states that in 1720 they had four contigu- 

 ous .settlements, and that the towns of 

 one of these were Shatara, Chook'heereso, 

 Hykehah, Tuskawillao, and Phalacheho. 

 Two of the other settlements of which he 

 gives the names were Yaneka, 6 m. long, 

 and Chookka Phardah (Chukafalaya), 

 4 m. long. Romans (Florida, 63, 1775), 

 describing their country and villages, says 

 that they " live nearly in the center of an 

 uneven and large nitrous savannah; have 

 in it 1 town, Ij m. long, very narrow and 



