BULL. :^0] 



CHICOLI CHIEFS 



263 



Chicoli. Mentioned as a Navaho set- 

 tlement in 1799 (Cortez in Pac. R. R. 

 Rep., Ill, pt. 3, 119, 1856); but as the 

 Navaho are not villagers, it is probably 

 only a geographical name. 



CMconessex (from chiconesink, 'place 

 of small turkeys.' — Hewitt). A village 

 of the Powhatan confederacy, formerly 

 about Wiseville, Accomac co., Va. It 

 was nearly extinct in 1722. (j. m.) 



Chiconessexy — Beverly, Virginia, 199, 17'2'2. Chis- 

 senossick. — Herrman map (1670) in Maps to Ac- 

 company the Rept. of the Comrs. on the Bdy. 

 bet. Va. and Md., 1873. 



Chicora. The name given by the Span- 

 iards at the time of Ayllon's visit in 1521 

 to the coast region of South Carolina, s. 

 of Edisto r., and to the Indians inhabit- 

 ing it. The name Cusabo, subsequently 

 applied, included most of the tribes of 

 the same region. Gatschet suggests that 

 the name Chicora is derived from the 

 Catawba Yuchi-kerc, 'Yuchi are there, 

 or over there,' but the connection is not 

 very obvious. The French form of about 

 the same period, Chigoula, has more the 

 appearance of a Muskhogean word. Fon- 

 taneda, about 1570, makes Chicora and 

 Orista (Edisto) equivalent. The tribes 

 of this region were practically extermi- 

 nated by Spanish and English slave hunt- 

 ers before the close of the 17th century. 



(j. M.) 

 Chicora. — Fontaneda (ca. 1570) in Ternaux-Com- 

 pans, Voy., xx, 16, 1841. Chiooria, — Garcilassode 

 la Vega, Pla., 4, 1723. Chicorie.— A vllon ( ca. 1.V21) 

 quoted by Shipp, De Soto and Florida, 240, 1881. 

 Chigoula. — Laudonniere (15ti2) in French, Hist. 

 Coll. La., n. s., 190, 1869. Chiquola,— Svms, Hist. 

 S. C, 10, 1860. 



Chicoutimi. The name of a locality, 

 the end of smooth navigation of Sague- 

 nay r., Quebec, by which the Lake St 

 John band of Montagnais was sometimes 

 referred to (Jes. Rel. 1661, 13, 1858). 

 The French formerly had a mission of 

 the same name on the right bank of the 

 Saguenay. In 1898 the Montagnais of L. 

 St John numbered 404 and resided on a 

 reservation at Pointe Bleue. (j. m.) 

 Checoutimi, — Jefferys, French Dom. Am., i, 18, 

 1761. Checoutiraiens. — Ibid. Chegoutimis. — Jes. 

 Kel. 1661, 14, l.s,'S8. Chekoutimiens.— Bellin, map, 

 17.36. Chekoutimis.— La Tour, map, 1784. Chicon- 

 tami. — Johnson (1764) in N. Y. Doc. Ool. Hist., 

 vn, 6.58, 18.56 (misprint). Chicoutime. — Lords of 

 Trade (1764), ibid., 635. Chicoutimi.— Jes. Rel. 

 1661, 13, 1858. Chixoutimi.— Johnson (1764) in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vn, 664, 1856. Montagnais 

 of Lake St. John.— Can. Ind. Aff. Rep. 1884, pt. i, 

 185, 1885. 



Chicuchatti (probably Creek chitka chad, 

 'red houses,' referring to the custom of 

 daubing the houses with red clay). A 

 former Seminole town n. of Tamjia bay, 

 in the so-called Chocochatee savanna, 

 Hernando co., Fla. Accordingto Brinton 

 it was one of the 7 bands into which the 

 Seminole became divided after their sepa- 

 ration from the Creeks. 



Chickuchatty.— Lindsay (1836) in H. R. Doc. 7S, 

 25th Cong., 2d sess., 149, 1838. Chicuchatty.— 

 Drake, Ind. Chron., 209, 1836. Chockechiatte.— 



Peniere in Morse, Rep. to Sec. War, 311, 1822. Cho- 

 cochaltee. — C'owpervvaite, Atlas, 1850. Choke- 

 chatti.— Brinton, Florida Penin., 145, 1859. Chu- 

 ku-chatta. — Morse, op. cit., 307. 



Chicutae. A former village, presum- 

 ably Costanoan, connected with Dolores 

 mission, San Francisco, Cal. — Taylor in 

 Cal.- Farmer, Apr. 5, 1860. 



Chie. One of the two principal clans 

 of the Chiricahua Apache, coordinate 

 with the Destchin clan of San Carlos 

 agency, Ariz. 



Chi-e'.— Bonrke in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 115, 

 1890. 



Chief Joseph. See Joseph. 



Chiefs. Among the North American 

 Indians a chief may be generally defined 

 as a political officer whose distinctive 

 functions are to execute the ascertained 

 will of a definite group of persons united 

 by the possession of a common territory 

 or range and of certain exclusive rights, 

 immunities, and obligations, and to con- 

 serve their customs, traditions, and re- 

 ligion. He exercises legislative, judica- 

 tive, and executive powers delegated to 

 him in accordance with custom for the 

 conservation and promotion of the com- 

 mon weal. 



The wandering band of men with their 

 women and children contains the sim- 

 plest type of chieftaincy found among the 

 American Indians, for such a group has 

 no i^ermanently fixed territorial limits, 

 and no definite social and political rela- 

 tions exist between it and any other 

 body of persons. The clan or gens, the 

 tribe, and the confederation present more 

 complex forms of social and political or- 

 ganization. The clan or gens embraces 

 several such chieftaincies, and has a 

 more highly developed internal political 

 structure with definite land boundaries. 

 The tribe is constituted of several clans 

 or gentes and the confederation of sev- 

 eral tribes. Among the different In- 

 dian communities the social and politi- 

 cal structure varied greatly. Many stages 

 of social progress lay between the small 

 band under a single chief and the intri- 

 cate permanent confederation of highly 

 organized tribes, with several kinds of 

 officers and varying grades of councils of 

 diverse but interrelated jurisdictions. 

 With the advance in political organiza- 

 tion political powers and functions were 

 multiplied and diversified, and the mul- 

 tiplicity and diversity of duties and func- 

 tions required different grades of officers 

 to perform them; hence various kinds and 

 grades of chiefs are found. There were in 

 certain communities, as the Iroquois and 

 Creeks, civil chiefs and subchiefs, chosen 

 for personal merit, and permanent and 

 temporary war chiefs. These several 

 grades of chiefs bear distinctive titles, 

 indicative of their diverse jurisdiction. 

 The title to the dignity belongs to the 



