BULL. 30] 



CHIHUCOHIHUI CHILD LIFE 



265 



craft, Ind. Tribes, v, 262, 1855. Horse-Trail.— 

 Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, 129, 1884. little 

 Oakfuskee.— Knox (1793) in Am. State Pap., Ind. 

 Aif., I, 362, 1832. 



Chihucchihni. A former Chumashan 

 village in Ventura co., Cal. — Taylor in 

 Cal. Fanner, July 24, 1863. 



Chihupa (' jawbone band'). A former 

 Dakota band under Sishhola, or Barefoot. 

 Ci-hu'-pa.— Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. 

 Val., 373, 1862. 



Chiink. An Alsea village on the s. side 

 of Alsea r., Oreg. 



Tci'-ink. — Dorsev in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 

 230, 1890. 



Chikak. An Aglemiut village on Ili- 

 amna lake, Alaska; pop. 51 in 1880. — 

 Petroff, 10th Census, Alaska, 17, 1884. 



Chikataubut. See Chickataubut. 



Chikauach. A Songish band at McNeill 

 bay, s. end of Vancouver id., Brit. Col. 

 Tcikau'atc— Boas in 6th Rep. on N. W. Tribes 

 Can., 17, 1890. 



Chiklisilkh. A Lower Chehalis settle- 

 ment at Pt Leadbetter, the n. end of the 

 land tongue at Shoalwater bav, Wash. — 

 Gibbs, Chinook vocab., B. A."^E., 23. 



Chikolioki(froni (Jhlkelaki; chikeno ' tur- 

 key,' oA-i 'land'). The former principal 

 seat of the Unalachtigo Delawares, situ- 

 ated on the w. bank of Delaware r., near 

 the present Wilmington, Del. 



^•aichohocki.— Bozman, Maryland, I, 130, 1837. 

 Ciiickahokin.— .Smith (1629), Virginia, I, map, repr. 

 1819. Chihohocki. — Thompsipn quoted bv Jeflfer- 

 son. Notes, 278, 1825. Chikahokin.— IJrinton, 

 Lenape Leg., 37, 1885. Chikelaki.— Ibid. Chiko- 

 hocki.— Schermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist. Soc. 

 Coll., 2d s,, II, 6, 1814. Chikolacki,— Brinton, op. 

 cit. 



Chikohoki. A former village, said to 

 be of the Manta division of the Dela- 

 wares, on the site of Burlington, Burling- 

 ton CO. , N. J. According to Heckewelder 

 it was the oldest village on Delaware r. 



(j. M.) 



Chikonapi ( the Canadian Chippewa use 

 the term chikoudpd for 'carpenter.' — 

 W. J.). Mentioned in the Walam Olum 

 of the Delawares as a people conquered 

 or destroyed by the latter tribe (Brinton, 

 Lenape Legends, 190, 1885). They can 

 not be located with certainty. 



Chilano. A village or tril^e, probably 

 Caddoan, visited by De Soto's troops un- 

 der Moscoso toward the close of 1542, and 

 at that time situated in n. e. Texas, near 

 upper Sabine r. SeeGentl. of Elvas (1557) 

 in French, Hist. Coll. La., ii, 201, 1850. 



Chilchadilkloge ('grassy-hill people'). 

 An Apache band or clan at San Carlos 

 agency and Ft Apache, Ariz., in 1881. 

 Chilcha'dilklogue.— Bourke in Jour. Am. Folk- 

 Lore, III, 112, 1,S90. 



Child life. The subject of Indian child 

 life has been but very lightly treated by 

 ethnologists, although the cliild is in fact 

 the strongest bond of family life under a 

 system which allo\\ ed polygamy and easy 

 separation. Both parents alike were en- 

 tirely devoted to their children, and be- 

 stowed upon them the fullest expression 



of affection and solicitude. The relation 

 of parent to child brings out all the high- 

 est traits of Indian character. 



Among some tribes, notably those of the 

 plains, in anticipation of the new arrival 

 the father prepares the wooden frameof the 

 cradle which is to be its jwrtable bed until 

 it is able to walk. The body of the cradle, 

 with its ornamentation of bead or ciuill 

 design, fringes and bangles, is made either 

 l)y the grandmother or by some woman 

 noted in the tribe for her superior ex- 

 pertness. There were many well-marked 

 varieties of cradle, differing with the 

 tribe. Among the Choctaw, Catawba, 

 and other former tribes of the Southern 

 states, and among the Chinookan and 

 Salishan tribes of the Columl^ia, there 

 v;3S used a special attachment which, by 

 continued jiressure upon the forehead 

 while the bones were still soft, produced 

 the so-called "flat head," esteemed with 

 these tribes a point of beauty (see Arti- 

 ficial Head Deformation ) . One cradle was 

 used for successive infants in the same 

 family. 



The newborn infant is commonly treated 

 at on?e to a cold bath, and turned over to 

 another matron i^onurseuntil the mother's 

 health is restored. AmongtheHopi, ashes 

 or sacred meal are rubbed on the newborn 

 babe. Lactation is long continued, even 

 for 2 years or more, and in rare cases much 

 longer. With all the affection of the 

 mother, the women are almost completely 

 ignorant of ordinary sanitary rules as to 

 feeding, exposure, etc., with the result 

 that infant mortality is something terri- 

 ble in almost every tribe, many children 

 being born, but only a small proportion 

 coming to maturity, so that even in for- 

 mer times the tribal population remained 

 almost stationary. The child sisters or 

 cousins of the baby are its attendants, 

 while the mother is occupied with other 

 duties, and perform their work with the 

 instinct of little mothers. The child is 

 kept in its cradle usually only during a 

 journey or while being carried about, 

 and not, as is commonly supposed, dur- 

 ing most of the time. At home it rolls 

 about upon the grass or on the bed 

 without restraint. Formerly, except in 

 extreme weather, no clothing was worn 

 during waking hours up to the age of 

 from 5 to 10 years, according to the 

 tribe and climate, and in some tribes this 

 practice still i)revails. The child may be 

 named soon after birth, or not for a year 

 or more after, this child name, like the 

 first teeth, being discarded as the boy or 

 girl grows up for another of more impor- 

 tant significance (see Names and Naming). 

 The child name is often bestowed by the 

 grandparent. Among the Hopi the in- 

 fant, when 20 days old, is given a name 

 and is dedicated to the sun with much 



