270 



CHTMALTITLAN CHIMMESYAN FAMILY 



[b. a. 



N. Cal., and included in his map, as by 

 Powell (7th Rep. B. A. E., 63, 1891), with 

 the Chimariko. The name Chimalakwe 

 is undoubtedly only a variant of Chi- 

 mariko, often pronounced Chimaliko. 

 The Chimariko, however, did not occupy 

 upper New r., which region, together 

 with the adjacent territory about the 

 headwaters of Salmon r., was held by a 

 group of people belonging to the Shastan 

 family, though markedly divergent from 

 the Shasta proper in dialect. This Shas- 

 tan group, the proper name of which is 

 unknown, has been described by Dixon 

 (Am. Anthrop., vii, 213, 1905) under the 

 name of New River Shasta. In 1902 two 

 aged women appeared to be the only 

 survivors of this people. (a. l. k.) 



Chi-mal'-a-kwe.— Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 

 Ill, 91, 1877. Chimalaquays, — Powers in Overland 

 Mo., IX, 1.50, 1S72. Chimalquays. — Powers quoted 

 by Bancroft, Nat. Rac'es, l, -146, 1882. New River.— 

 Dixon in Am. Anthrop., vii, 216, 1905. 



Chimaltitlan (Nahuatl: 'where prayer- 

 sticks are placed ' ) . A former settlement 

 of the Tepecanoor of a related tribe, about 

 8 m. s. of Bolaiios, in the valley of the Rio 

 de Bolaiios, Jalisco, Mexico. — Hrdlicka, 

 inf'n, 1905. 



Chimarikan Family. Established as a 

 linguistic family on the language of the 

 Chimariko, which was found tobedistinct 

 from that of any known tribe. All that is 

 known in relation to the family, which is 

 now nearly extinct, will be found under 

 the tribal name Chimariko. 

 = Chimarikan,— Powellin7th Rep. B. A. E., 63,1891. 

 = Chim-a-ri'-ko. — Powell in Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,' 

 in, 474. 1877; Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 25.5, 

 Apr., 1882 (stated to be a distinct family). 



Chimariko (from Djimaliko, the name 

 they apply to themselves; derived from 

 djimnr 'man'). A small tribe, com- 

 prising the Chimarikan family, formerly 

 on Trinity r., near the mouth of New r., 

 N. Cal., extending from Hawkins Bar 

 to about Big Bar, and probably along 

 lower New r. ; they adjoined the Hupa 

 downstream and the Wintun upstream. 

 The Chimariko first became known to the 

 whites on the influx of miners about 1850. 

 They were then a small tribe, friendly 

 witli the Hupa and the neighboring Shas- 

 tan tribes, but at war with the Wintun of 

 Hay fork of Trinity r. In 1903 they num- 

 bered only 9 individuals, including mixed 

 bloods, who lived scattered from Hupa up 

 Trinity r., and on New r., among Indians 

 of other tribes, and among the whites 

 (Goddard, MS., Univ. Cal. ). In general 

 culture the Chimariko were much like 

 their neighbors to the x. w., the Hupa, 

 though they are said to have lackecl 

 canoes, and did not ])ractise the deerskin 

 dance of the Hupa and Yurok. They ap- 

 pear to have lived largely on salmon and 

 eels caught in Trinity r. , and on vegetal 

 foods, especially acorns. Like the other 

 tribes of N. w. California, they had no po- 



litical organization or divisions other than 

 villages, one of which was at or near Haw- 

 kins Bar, others at Burnt Ranch, Taylor's 

 Flat, and Big Bar, and probably at other 

 places, though their names for these set- 

 tlements are not known with certainty. 

 See ('li'nnalakwe. (a. l. k. ) 



Djimaliko.— A. L. Kroeber, inf'n, 1903 (own 

 name ). Kwoshonipu. — Kroeber, inf'n, 1903 (name 

 probalily given them by the Shasta of Salmon r.). 

 Me-em-ma. — McKee (1851) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d 

 Cong., spec, sess., 194, 18.53. Meyemma. — Gibbsin 

 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, lil, 139, 18.53. Mi-em- 

 ma. — Meyer in Nach dem Sacramento, 282, 1855. 



Chimbuiha. A former settlement of the 

 Molala on the headwaters of Santiam r., 

 in the Cascade mts., Oreg. (a. s. g. ) 



Chimiak. A Kuskwogmiut village on 

 Kuskokwim r., Alaska; pop. 71 in 1880, 

 40 in 1890. 



Chim-e-kliag-a-mut. — Spurr and Post quoted by 

 Baker, iieog. Diet. .Vlaska, 1901. Chimekliak.— 

 Baker, ibid. Chimiagamute. — Petroff, 10th Census, 

 Alaska, 17, I8S4. Chimingyangamiut. — 11th Cen- 

 sus, Alaska, 164, 1893. 



Chimmesyan Family (from Tsimshian, 

 ' people of Skeenar.') . A small linguistic 

 family on Nass and Skeena rs., n. Brit. 

 Col., and the neighboring coast as far s. 

 as Milbank sd. The 3 main divisions 

 are the Tsimshian of lower Skeenar., the 

 Gitksan of upper Skeena r., and the Niska 

 of Nass r. The closest cultural affinities 

 of these people are with the Haida of 

 Queen Charlotte ids. and the Tlingit of 

 the Alaskan coast, though their language 

 is strikingly different and must be placed 

 in a class by itself among the tongues of 

 the N. W. According to their own tra- 

 ditions and those of neighboring tribes 

 they have descended Nass and Skeena 

 rs. in comparatively recent times to the 

 coast, displacing the Tlingit. 



In physical characters and social organ- 

 ization the Chimmesyan resemble the 

 Haida and Tlingit, but the Kitksan, living 

 farther inland, seem to have mixed with 

 the Athapascan tribes, and more nearly 

 approach their type. The Chimmesyan 

 language is characterized by a very exten- 

 sive use of adverbial prefixes principally 

 signifying local relations, by an extreme 

 useof reduplication, a great abundance of 

 plural forms, and numerous temporal 

 and modal particles (Boas) . Like other 

 coast tribes they obtain the largest part 

 of their food from the sea and the rivers. 

 The annual runs of salmon on the Skeena 

 and of eulachon into the Nass furnish 

 them with an abundance of provisions at 

 certain seasons. Eulachon are a great 

 source of revenue to the Niska, the oil 

 being in great demand all along the coast, 

 and indispensable for the great winter pot- 

 latches. Bear, mountain goats, and other 

 wild animals are hunted, particularly by 

 the interior tribes. The h(jrns of moun- 

 tain goats are carved into handles for 

 spoons used at feasts and potlatches, and 

 are sold to other tribes for the same pur- 



