BULL. 30] 



CHIMNAPUM CHINATU 



271 



pose. Although good carvers and canoe 

 builders, the Chimmesyan are surpassed 

 by the Haida, from whom they still pur- 

 chase canoes. Their houses were often 

 huge structures made of immense cedar 

 beams and planks, and accommodating 

 from 20 to 30 people. Each was presided 

 over by a house chief, while every family 

 and every town had asuperior chief ; under 

 him were the members of his household, 

 his more distant clan relations, and the 

 servants and slaves. 



There were four clans or phratries: 

 Kanhada or Raven, Lakyebo ('On the 

 Wolf ' ) , Lakskiyek ( ' On the Eagle ' ) , and 

 Gyispawaduweda or Grizzly Bear. Each 

 clan comprised a great number of sub- 

 divisions, concerning which the informa- 

 tion is conflicting, some regarding them 

 simply as names for the people of certain 

 towns, while others treat them as family 

 groups, not necessarily confined to one 

 place. If their organization was anything 

 like that of the Haida, the subdivisions 

 were at one time local groups; but it is 

 probable that many of them have been 

 displaced from their ancient seats or have 

 settled in more than one place. This 

 view is corroborated by the account of 

 the Niska tribes given by Boas ( lOtli Kep. 

 N. W, Tribes Can. , 48, 49 ) . Their names, 

 as far as obtainable, will be found under 

 the separate divisional headings. De- 

 scent is reckoned in the female line. 

 While the present culture of the Chim- 

 mesyan tribes is similar to that of the 

 neighboring coast peoples, there is some 

 evidence of their recent assimilation. In 

 most of the Tsimshian myths they ap- 

 pear primarily as an inland tribe that 

 lived by hunting, and their ancestral 

 home is described as on a prairie at the 

 headwaters of Skeena r. This suggests 

 an inland origin of the tribe, and the 

 historical value of the traditional evidence 

 is increased by the peculiar divergence 

 of their mythological tales from those of 

 neighboring tribes; the most character- 

 istic tales of the Tsimshian being more 

 like the animal tales of the w. plateaus 

 and of the plains than like the tales of 

 the N. coast tribes in which the human 

 element plays an important part. The 

 Chimmesyan tribes have also adopted cus- 

 toms of their s. neighbors on the coast, 

 more particularly the winter ceremonial 

 with its cannibal ceremonies, which they 

 obtained from the Bellabella. In 1902 

 there were reported 3,389 Chimmesyan 

 in British Columbia; and with the 952 

 enumerated as forming I\Ir Duncan's col- 

 ony in Alaska in 1890, the total is about 

 4,341. (j. R. s.) 



= Chemmesyan. — Scouler (1846) in Jour. Ethnol. 

 Soc. Lond., I, 233,1848. =Chimmesyan.— Schouler 

 in Jour. Geog.Soe. Lond., I, ■219.1841. =Chimsyans, — 

 Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, V, 487, 185.5. =Ch3misey- 

 ans. — Kaue,Wand. inN. A.,app.,1859. xHaidah. — 



Scouler in Jour. Roy. Geog Soc. Lend., xi, 220, 

 1841. >Hy(iahs. — Keane in Stanford, Compend., 

 473, 1878 (includesothertribes) . >Naas.— Gallatin 

 in Trans. Am. E;thnol. Soc, ii, pt. 1, c, 1848 (in- 

 cludesothertribes). >Naass.— Ibid.,77. >Nass. — 

 Bancroft, Nat. Races, m, 564, 1882 (includes other 

 tribes). =Nasse. — Dall in Cunt. N. A. Ethnol., I, 

 36, 1877. xNorthem.— Scouler in Jour. Roy. Geog. 

 Soc, xr, 220, 1841 (includes many other tribes). 

 =Tshimsian. — Tolmieand Dawson, Vocabs. B. C, 

 114b, 1884. =Tsimpsi-an'.— Dall in Proc. A. A. A. 

 S., 379, 1885. 



Chimnapum. A small Shahaptian tribe 

 located bv Lewis and Clark in 1805 on the 

 N. w. side of Columbia r. near the mouth 

 of the Snake, and on lower Yakima r., 

 Wash. They speak a dialect closely 

 allied to the Paloos. By Lewis and Clark 

 their population was estimated at 1.860, in 

 42 lodges. A remnant of the tribe is still 

 living on the w. side of Columbia r., op- 

 posite Pasco, Wash. (l. f. ) 

 Chamna'pum. — Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 739, 

 1896. Chim-nah-pan. — Stevens in Ind. Aff. Rep., 

 252, 1854. Chim-nah-pum. — Orig. Jour. Lewis and 

 Clark, VI, 115, 1905. Chim-nah-pun.— Lewis and 

 Clark, Exped., l, map, 1814. Chimnapoos, — Ibid., 

 II 2.57, 1814. Chimnapum.— Ibid., ii, 12. Chim- 

 na-pum. — Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, in, 

 123, 1905. Chimnapuns. — Wilkes, Hist. Oregon, 

 44, 1845. Chinnahpum.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 

 III, 570, 18.53. Chin-na-pum. — Orig. Jour., op. cit.. 

 Ill, 184, 1905. Chunnapuns. — Nicolay, Oregon, 143, 

 1846. Chym-nah'-pos, — Lewis and Clark, Exped., 

 Coues ed., 973, note, 1893. Chymnapoms. — Orig. 

 Jour., op. cit., IV, 339, 1905. Chymnapums.— Ibid., 

 73. Cuimnapum. — Lewis and Clark, Exped., ii, 17, 

 1814. 



Chimuksaicli. A Siuslaw village on 

 Siuslaw r., Greg. 



Tcim'-muk-saitc'. — Dorse V in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 

 III, 230, 1890. 



China Hat (seemingly a corruption of 

 Xd'exaes, their own name). A Kwakiutl 

 tribe speaking the Heiltsuk dialect and 

 residing on Tolmie channel and Mussel 

 inlet, Brit. Col.; pop. 114 in 1901, 77 in 

 1904. 



Eaihaish. — Tolmie and Dawson, Vocabs. B. C, 

 117b, 1884. ae'qaes.— Boas, 6th Rep. N. W. Tribes 

 Can., 52, 1890. Xa'exaes. — Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus. 

 1895, 328 (own name). 



Chinakbi. A former Choctaw town on 

 the site of the present Garlandsville, Jas- 

 per CO., Miss. It was one of the villages 

 constituting the so-called Sixtowns, and 

 gave its name to a small district along 

 the N. side of Sooenlovie cr., partly in 

 Newton co. and partlv in Jasper co. — 

 Halbert in Publ. Ala." Hist. Soc, Misc. 

 Coll., I, 381-382, 1901. 



Chinokabi.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 109, 

 1884. 



Chinapa. An Opata pueblo, and the 

 seat of a Spanish mission founded in 

 1648, on the Rio Sonora, lat. 30° 30^ 

 Sonora, Mexico; pop. 393 in 1678, and 

 204 in 1730. It was burned by the 

 Apache in 1836. 



Chinapa, — Kino, map (1702) in Stocklein, Neue 

 Welt-Bott, 74, 1726. Chinapi.— Bartlett, Personal 

 Narr., I, 279, ]8.54. San Jose Chinapa, — Zapata 

 (1678) in Doc Hist. Mex., 4th s., in, 370, 1857. 



Chinatu (C/n'-;/o-/»^, 'the hidden back of 

 a mountain.' — Lumholtz). A pueblo, in- 

 habited by both Tepehuane and Tara- 



