BULL. 30] 



CHITfOOK OLIVES- — CHIPEWYAN 



275 



in 1894, counted 740 words actually in 

 use, although his dictionary cites 1,402, 

 662 being obsolete, and 1,552 phrases, 

 combinations of mamook ('do'), yielding 

 209. The following table shows the 

 share of certain languages in the jargon 

 as recorded at various periods of its ex- 

 istence, although there are great differ- 

 ences in the constituent elements of the 

 jargon as spoken in different parts of the 

 country : 



Words contributed 



Nootka 



Chinook 



English 



French 



Other languages 



1841 1863 1894 



18 

 111 

 41 

 34 



24 

 221 

 67 

 94 

 79 



23 

 198 

 570 

 153 

 138 



There is much local variation in the 

 way Chinook is spoken on the Pacific 

 coa:!:. While it tends to disappear in the 

 country of its origin, it is taking on new 

 life farther x., where it is evidently des- 

 tined to live for many years; but in s. e. 

 Alaska it is little used, being displaced by 

 English or Tlingit. This jargon has been 

 of great service to both the Indian and 

 the white man, and its role in the devel- 

 opment of intertribal and interracial rela- 

 tions on the N. Pacific coast has been 

 important. For works bearing on the 

 subject see Pilling, Bibliography of the 

 Chinookan Languages, Bull. B. A. E., 

 1893. (a. F. c.) 



Chee-Chinook, — Bulmer, MS., cited by Pilling, op; 

 cit. Chinook Jargon. — Cox, Columbia R., 11,134, 

 1831. Oregon jargon. — McKee (1851) in Sen. Ex. 

 Doc. 4, 32(1 Cong., spec, sess., 169, 1853. Oregon 

 Trade Language. — Hale, Manual of Oregon Trade 

 Lang., 1890. 



Chinook olives. The name given by 

 whites to an article of food of the Chinook 

 in earlier days ( Kane, Wanderings, 187, 

 1859), consisting of acorns ripened in a 

 urine-soaked pit. (a. p. c. ) 



Chinook salmon. A name of the Colum- 

 bia r. salmon {OncorJn/nchus cJiouicha), 

 more commonly known as the quinnat, 

 and also called the tyee salmon, (a. f. c.) 



Chinook wind. A name ajiplied to cer- 

 tain winds of N. w. United State.s and 

 British Columbia. According to Bur- 

 rows (Yearbook Dept. Agric, 555, 1901) 

 there are three different winds, each es- 

 sentially a warm wind whose effect is 

 most noticeable in winter, that are called 

 chinooks. There is a wet chinook, a 

 dry chinook, and a third wind of an in- 

 termediate sort. The term was first a]> 

 plied to a warm s. w. wind which h\ew 

 from over the Chinook camp to the trad- 

 ing post established by the Hudson Bay 

 Company at Astoria, Oreg. Under the in- 

 fluence of these chinook winds snow is 

 melted with astonishing rapidity, and the 

 weather soon becomes balmy and spring- 

 like. The name is derived from Chinook, 



the appellation of one of the Indian 

 tribes of this region. (a. f. c.) 



Chinoshahgeh ('at the bower' [?]). A 

 Seneca village near Victor, N. Y., on or 

 near the site of the earlier settlement 

 called Kanagaroo, that was broken uja 

 by the Denonville expedition. — Shea in 

 Charlevoix, New Fr., iii, 289, note, 1864. 

 Ga-o-sa-eh-ga-aah. — Marshall quoted by Conover, 

 Kanadega and (Jeneva MS., B. A. E.( = ' the bass- 

 wood bark lies there 'i. Gaosagao. — Morgan, 

 League Iroq., 19, 1851 ( = 'in the ba.sswood coun- 

 try'). Ga-o-us-a-ge-o". — Hewitt, inf'n (Seneca 

 form). 



Chinquapin. A species of chestnut 

 {Castanea piimila) common in the Middle 

 and Southern states; spelled also chinka- 

 pin, chincapin, chinquepin, chinkopin. 

 Castanopsis chn/sopJu/lla is called western 

 chinquapin, and in California and Oregon 

 chinquapl... Two species of oak ( Quercus 

 acumimitii and Q. prinoirJes) are named 

 chincjuapin oak and dwarf chinquapin 

 oak, respectively. A species of perch 

 {Fomoxi/s^ annularis), known also as crap- 

 pie, is called chinquapin or chinkapin 

 perch. Such forms as chincomen and 

 chechinquamin, found in early writings, 

 make plausible the supposition that a p 

 was later substituted for an m in the 

 last syllable of the word, which would 

 then represent the widespread Algon- 

 quian radical mm, 'fruit,' 'seed.' The 

 first component of the word, according to 

 Hewitt, is probably cognate with the Dela- 

 ware e^/z/^^o, 'large,' 'great.' (a. f. c.) 



Chintagottine ('people of the woods'). 

 A division of the Kawchodinneh, dwell- 

 ing on Mackenzie r., Mackenzie Ter., 

 Canada, n. of Ft Good Hope and between 

 the river and Great Bear lake. Petitot 

 often uses the term synonymously with 

 Kawchodinneh. 



Gah-tau'-go ten'-ni, — Ross, MS. notes on Tinne, B. 

 A. E. Gah-tow-go tin'-ni. — Kennicott, Hare Ind. 

 MS. vocab., B. A. E. Gens du Poll.— Petitot, Expl. 

 du grand lac des Ours, 349, 1893. Ta-laottine.— 

 Petitot, MS., B. A. E., 1S65 ('dwellers at the end 

 of the pine trees'). Tchin-t'a-gottine, — Petitot 

 in Bull. Soc. Gt'og. Paris, chart. 1S75. Xchin-tpa- 

 gottine. — Petitot. Autour du lac des Esclaves, 

 36l', 1S91. Tcin-tat' tene'.— Everette, MS. Tutu 

 vocab., B. A. E., 1883. 



Chinnnga. The extinct Thistle clan of 

 the Chua( Snake) phratry of the Hopi. 

 Tci-nuiia wuii-wii, — Fewkes in" Am. Anthrop., Vll, 



403, l.syi (i)7n7-(r(7 = -flan'). 



Chioro. A village of 35 Papago, prob- 

 aljly in Pima co., s. Ariz., in 1865 (David- 

 son in Ind. Aff. Rep., 135, 1865) . Possi- 

 bly identical with Charco. 



Chipewyan ('pointed skins,' Cree Chip- 

 irof/nnnu'ok, from chipiva 'pointed,' 

 ireijanniv 'skin,' oA^' plural sign: Cree name 

 for the parkas, or shirts, of many north- 

 ern Athapascan tribes, pointed and orna- 

 mented with tails before and behind; 

 hence, the people who wear them). An 

 Athapascan linguistic group, embracing 

 the De.snedekenade and Athabasca, called 

 the Chipewyan proper, the Thilanottine, 



