276 



CHIPIINUIlSrGE 



[b. a. e. 



Etheneldeli, and Tatsanottine. The term 

 was originally applied to the Chipewyan 

 who assailed the Cree about L. Atha- 

 basca; subsequently the Cree and, follow- 

 ing their example, the whites, extended 

 it to include all Athapascan tribes known 

 to them, the whites using it as a syn- 

 onym of Tinneh, but it is now confined 

 to the linguistic group alcove referred to, 

 although the Tatsanottine, or Yellow- 

 knives, are generally separated in pop- 

 ular usage. The deerskin shirts worn by 

 these people sometimes had the queue 

 behind only, like a poncho, and the tales 

 told by the early travelers of a race of 

 people living in the far N., having a tail 

 and being in a transition stage between 

 animal and man, had their foundation in 

 the misrepresentation of the descriptions 

 given by other Indians of these people 

 with the pointed shirts. Petitot (La Mer 

 Glaciale, 303, 1887) charai-terized these 

 people as innoceiit and natural in their 

 lives and manners, imbued with^ sense of 

 justice, endowed with sound sense and 

 judgment, and not devoid of originality. 

 Ross (Notes on the Tinne, MS., B. A. E. ) 

 gave the habitat of the Chipewyan as 

 Churchill r., and Athabasca and Great 

 Slave lakes. Kennicot ( MS. , B. A. E. ) said 

 their territory extended as far n. as Ft 

 Resolution on the s. shore of Great Slave 

 lake, Brit. Col., and Drake (Bk. Inds.,vii, 

 1848) noted that they claimed from lat. 

 60° to 65° and from long. 100° to 110°, and 

 numbered 7,500 in 1812. In 1718, accord- 

 ing to Petitot, the Chipewyan were living 

 on Peace r., which they called Tsades, the 

 river of beavers, the shores of L. Atha- 

 basca and the forests between it and Great 

 Slave lake being then the domain of the 

 Etchareottine. The Cree, after they had 

 obtained guns from the French, attacked 

 these latter and drove them from their 

 hunting grounds, hut were forced back 

 again by the Chipewyan tribes. As a 

 result of this contest the Thilanottine 

 obtained for themselves the upper waters 

 of Churchill r. about La Crosse lake, the 

 Chipewyan jiroper the former domain of 

 the Etchareottine, while a part went to 

 live in the neighborhood of the English 

 post of Ft Prince of Wales, newly estab- 

 lished on Hudson bay at the mouth of 

 Churchill r. for trade with the Eskimo, 

 Maskegon, and Cree. These last be- 

 came known as the Etheneldeli, 'eaters 

 of reindeer meat,' or Theyeottine, 'stone- 

 house people,' the latter being the name 

 that they gave their protectors, the 

 English. In 1779 the French Canadians 

 brought smallpox to the shores of La 

 Crosse and Athabasca lakes. Cree and 

 Chipewyan were decimated by the mal- 

 ady, and the former, already driven back 

 to the s. shore of L. Athabasca by the 

 martial attitude of the Chipewyan, were 



now willing to conclude a lasting peace 

 (Petitot, La Mer Glaciale, 297, 1887). 

 There were 230 Cree at La Crosse lake in 

 1873, and 600 Thilanottine Chipewyan, 

 many of whom wei'e half-breeds bearing 

 French names. The report of Canadian 

 Indian Affairs for 1904 enumerates nearly 

 1,800 Indians as Chipewyan, including 

 219 Yellowknives (Tatsanottine). 



Athabasca.— Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 114, 1874. 

 Athapasca. — Gallatin in Drake, Teeumseh, 20, 1852. 

 Che-pa-wy-an.— Macanlev, Hist. N. Y., ll, 244, 1829. 

 Chepayan.— Balbi, Atlas Ethnog., ,58, 1826. Chepe- 

 ouyan. — Ibid. Chepewayan. — Ross, MS. Notes on 

 Tinne, B. A. E. Chepewyan.— Lewis, Travels, 143, 

 1S09. Chepeyan.— Drake, Bk. Inds., vii, 1848. 

 Cheppewyan.— Balbi, Atlas Ethnog., 58, 1826. 

 Cheppeyans. — Giillatin in Trans. Am.Ethnol.Soe., 

 II, 18, 1836. Chipeouaian.— DnHot de Mofras, Ore- 

 gon, 11, 337, 1S44. Chipewan. — Keane in Stanford, 

 Compend.,.5(J8, iS7s. Chipeway. — Harmon, Journal, 

 264, 1820. Chipewayan.— Kennieott, MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E. Chipewyan. — Morsi', System of Mod. 

 Geog., I, 55, 1814. Chipewyan Tiniieys. — Petitot in 

 Can. Hec. Sci., i, 47, 1SS4. Chipiouan. — Balbi, Atlas 

 Ethnog., .58, 1826. Chippewayan.— Howe, Hist. 

 Coll., 380, 1851. Chippewayanawok.— Ibid. (Cree 

 name). Chippewayeen, — Kane, Wanderings in 

 N. A., 130, 1S59. Chippeweyan. — McLean, Hud- 

 son's Bay, I, 224, 1849. Chip-pe-wi-yan, — Tanner, 

 Nar., 390, 1830. Chippewyan. — Schermerhorn 

 (1812) in Mass. Hi.st. Coll., 2d s., ii, 42, 1814. Chip- 

 powyen. — Mackenzie misquoted by Bracken- 

 ridge, Mexican Letters, 85, 1850. Chipwayan. — 

 Can. Ind. Rep., 171, 1877. Chipwayanawok. — 

 Kingsley, Stand. Nat. Hist., pt. 6, 143, 1,S83. Chip- 

 weyan. — Latham, Essays, 27,5, 1860. Chip-wyan, — 

 Anderson, MS., B. A. E. Chyppewan. — Snelling, 

 Tales of N. W., 195, 1830. Dene Tchippewayans.— 

 Petitot, Autour du lac des Esclaves, 289, 1891. 

 Gens des Montagnes, — McLean, Hudson's Bay, ii, 

 243, 1S49. Highlander. — Petitot in Jour. Roy. Gepg. 

 Soc, 649, 1S83. Montagnais. — Petitot, Diet. Dene 

 Dindji^, xx, 1876. Montagnees. — Smet, Oregon 

 Miss., 193, 1847. Montagnes. — Beleourt in Minn. 

 Hist. Coll., 1, 227, 1872. Montagnez.— Henry, Trav. 

 in Can., 173, note, 1809. Mountains. — Hooper, Tents 

 of Tuski, 403, 1853. Mountaineers. — Ross, MS. 

 notes on Tinne, B. A. E. Mountain Indians, — 

 Franklin, 2d Exped. Polar Sea, 1.52, 1828. Ooche- 

 payyan. — McKeevor, Hudson's Bay, 73, 1819. 

 Ouachipuanes. — .lefferys, French Dom. Am., Can. 

 maj), 1741. Shepeweyan. — Engl, writer (17.^6) in 

 Mass. Hist. Coll., 1st s.. Ill, 24, 1794. Tckippewayan.— 

 Petitot, Expl. Grand lac des Ours, 363, 1893. 

 Tchipwayanawok. — Petitot, Diet. Dene-Dindji6, 

 xix, 1876. Wachi^uanes. — Jefferys, Am. Atlas, 

 map 2, 1776. Wetshipweyanah. — Beleourt in Minn. 

 Hist. Coll., I, 226, 1S72. Yatchee-thinyoowuc. — 

 Franklin, Jour. Polar Sea, 1, 169,1824 ('strangers': 

 Cree name ) . 



Chipiinuinge (Tewa: 'house at the 

 pointed peak'). A great ruined pueblo 

 and cliff village occupying a small but 

 high detached mesa between the Caiiones 

 and Polvadera or., 4 m. s. of Rio Chama 

 and about 14 m. s. w. of Abiquiu, Rio 

 Arriba co., N. Mex. The site was doubt- 

 less selected on account of its defensible 

 character, the pueblo being situated at 

 least 800 ft. above the level of the creek 

 and its walls built continuous with the 

 edge of the precipice. The great Pedernal 

 peak, from which the village takes its 

 name, rises on the other side of the can- 

 yon about 2 m. to the s. w. The pueblo 

 is inaccessible except by a single trail 

 which winds up from the Polvadera and 

 reaches the summit of the mesa at its s. 

 end, passing thence through two strongly 



