BULL. 30] 



CHIPISCLIN— CHIPPEWA 



277 



fortified gaps before the pueblo is reached. 

 The site was impregnable to any form of 

 attack ]>ossible to savage warfare. The 

 commanding position was at the gateway 

 to the Tevva country e. of the mountains, 

 and, according to tradition, it was the 

 function of Chipiinuinge to withstand 

 as far as possible the fierce Navaho and 

 Apache raids from the n. w. The i)ueblo 

 was built entirely of stone and was of 3 

 stories, in places possibly 4. Portions of 

 second-story walls are still standing and 

 many cedar timbers are well preserved. 

 The remains of b5 kivas, mostly circular, a 

 few rectangular, are still traceable in and 

 about the ruins; these were all mostly if 

 not wholly subterranean, having been 

 excavated in the rock surface on which 

 the pueblo stands. The cliff-dwellings 

 in the e. face of the mesa are all of the 

 excavated type, and appear to have been 

 used for mortuary quite as much as for 

 domiciliary purposes. (e. l. h. ) 



Chipisclin. A former village, presuma- 

 bly Costanoan, connected with Dolores 

 mission, San Francisco, Cal. — Tavlor in 

 Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Chipletac. A former village, presuma- 

 bly Costanoan, connected with Dolores 

 mission, San Francisco, Cal. — Tavlor in 

 Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Chipmunk. The common name of the 

 striped ground squirrel ( Tamias siriatus) , 

 of which the variants chipmonk, chip- 

 muck, chitmunk, and others occur. The 

 word has been usually derived from the 

 "chipping" of theanimal, but(Chamber- 

 lain in Am. Notes and Queries, iii, 1.55, 

 1889) it is clearly of Algonquian origin. 

 The word cJiij^ymink is really identical with 

 the adjidcmmo ( 'tail-in-air' ) of Longfel- 

 low's Hiawatha, the Chippewa atchitavion , 

 the name of the ordinary red squirrel {Sci- 

 unis hudsonicu.^) . The Chippewa vocabu- 

 lary of Long (1791) gives for scjuirrel 

 chetamon, and ^Irs Traill, in her Canadian 

 Crusoes, 1854, writes the English word 

 as chitmunk. By folk etymology, there- 

 fore, the Algonquian word represented 

 by the Chippewa atchitamon has become, 

 by way of chitmunk, our familiar cJdp- 

 munk. The Chippewa word signifies 

 'head first', from atchit 'headlong,' am 

 'mouth,' from the animal's habit of de- 

 scending trees. The Indian word applied 

 originally to the common red squirrel 

 and not to the chipmunk. (a. f. c. ) 



Chippanchickchick. A tribe or band of 

 doubtful linguistic affinity, either Chi- 

 nookan or Shahaptian, living in 1812 on 

 Columbia r., in Klickitat co.. Wash., 

 nearly opposite The Dalles. Their luim- 

 ber was estimated at 600. 

 Chippanchickchicks. — Morse in Rep. to Sec. War, 368, 

 1822. Tchipan-Tchick-Tchick.— Stuart in Nouv. 

 Ann. Voy., xil, 26,1821. 



Chipped implements. See Stone-work. 



Chippekawkay. A Piankishaw village, 

 in 1712, on the site of Vincennes, Knox 

 CO., Ind. Hough translates the word 

 'brushwood,' and it may be identical 

 with Pepicokia. (,t. m. ) 



Brushwood. — Baskin, Forst(.'r & ("o.'s Ilist. Atlas 

 Ind., 249, 1876. Chih-kah-we-kay.— Hough in Ind. 

 Gool. Rep., map, 1883. Chipcoke. — Baskin, Fors- 

 ter & Co., op. fit., 249, 1876. Chipkawkay.— Ibid. 

 Chip-pe-coke. — Hough, op. cit. Chippekawkay. — 

 Ibid. 



Chippewa (poinilar adaptation of Ojtb- 

 irai/, 'to roa.'^t till puckered up,' refer- 

 ring to the puckered seam on their moc- 

 casins; from ojih ' to pucker up,' uh-way 

 ' to roast'). One of the largest tribes x. 

 of Mexico, whose range was formerly 



CHIPPEWA MAN 



along both shores of L. Huron and L. 

 Superior, extending across Minnesota to 

 Turtle mts., N. Dak. Although strong 

 in numbers and occupying an extensive 

 territor}', the Chijipewa were never 

 prominent in history, owing to their re- 

 moteness from the frontier during the 

 period of the colonial wars. According to 

 tradition they are part of an Algonquian 

 body, including the Ottawa and Pota- 

 watomi, which separated into divisions 

 when it reached Mac-kinaw in its west- 

 ward movement, having come from some 

 point N. or n. e. of Mackinaw. AVarren 

 (Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., v, 1885) asserts 

 that they were settled in a large village 



