280 



CHIPPEWA 



[b. a. e. 



cipal estimates are as follow: In 1764, 

 about 25,000; 1783 and 1794, about 15,000; 

 1843, about 30,000; 1851, about 28,000. 

 It is probable that most of these estimates 

 take no account of more remote bands. 

 In 1884 there Avere in Dakota 914; in 

 Minnesota, 5,885; in Wisconsin, 3,656; in 

 Michigan, 3,500 returned separately, and 

 6,000 Chippewa and Ottawa, of whom 

 perhaps one-third are Chippewa; in Kan- 

 sas, 76 Chippewa and Munsee. The en- 

 tire number in the United States at this 

 time was therefore about 16,000. In 

 British America those of Ontario, includ- 

 ing the Nipissing, numbered at the same 

 time about 9,000, while in Manitoba and 

 the Northwest Territories there were 

 17,129 Chippewa and Cree on reserva- 

 tions under the same agencies. The Chip- 

 pewa now (1905) prol)ably number 30,000 

 to 32,000—15,000 in British America and 

 14,144 in the United States, exclusive of 

 about 3,000 in Michigan. 



As the Chippewa were scattered over a 

 region extending 1,000 m. from e. to w., 

 they had a large number of villages, 

 bands, and local divisions. Some of the 

 bands bore the name of the village, lake, 

 or river near which they resided, but 

 these were grouped under larger divi- 

 sions or subtribes which occupied certain 

 fixed limits and were distinguished by 

 marked differences. According to War- 

 ren there were 10 of these principal divi- 

 sions: Kechegummewininewug, on thes. 

 shore of L. Superior; Betonukeengainube- 

 jig, in K. Wisconsin; Munominikasheen- 

 hug, on the headwaters of St Croix r. 

 in Wisconsin and Minnesota; Wahsuah- 

 gunewininewug, at the head of Wiscon- 

 sin r. ; Ottawa Lake Men, on Lac Courte 

 Oreilles, Wis. ; Kechesebewininewug, on 

 the upper Mississippi in Minnesota; Muk- 

 meduawininewug, or Pillagers, on Leech 

 lake, Minn. ; Sugwaundugahwininewug, 

 N. of L. Superior; Kojejewininewug, on 

 Rainy lake and r. about the n. boundary 

 of Minnesota; and Omushkasug, on the 

 N. w. side of L. Superior at the Canadian 

 border. Besides these general divisions 

 the following collective or local names 

 are recognized as belonging to various 

 settlements, bands, or divisions of the 

 tribe: Angwassag, Big Rock, Little Forks, 

 Menitegow, Blackbird, Menoquet's Vil- 

 lage, Ketchewaundaugenink, Kawkawl- 

 ing, Kishkawbawee, Saginaw, Thunder 

 Ba}% Nagonabe, Ommunise, Shabwasing, 

 Beaver Islands, Nabobish, Cheboygan, 

 Otusson, Reaum's Village, and Wapisiwi- 

 sibiwininiwak, in lower Michigan; Red 

 Cedar Lake, Sukaauguning, Knife Lake, 

 Kechepukwaiwah, Long Lake, Chetac 

 Lake, Turtle Portage, Rice Lake, Yellow 

 Lake, Trout I^ake, Pawating, Ontonagon, 

 Wauswagiming, Lac Courte Oreilles, 

 Shaugwaumikong, Burnt Woods, Gata- 



getegauning. Bay du Noc, Wequadong, 

 Mekadewagamitigweyawininiwak, Mich- 

 ilimackinac, St Francis Xavier, and Wia- 

 quahhechegumeeng, in Wisconsin' and 

 upper Michigan; Grand Portage, Pokega- 

 ma. Fond du Lac, Red Cliff, Crow Wing 

 River, Gull Lake, Onepowesepewenene- 

 wak, Misk wagamiwisagaigan, Wabasemo- 

 wenenewak (? ) , Wanamakewajenenik, 

 Mikinakwadshiwininiwak, Misisagaikan- 

 iwininiwak, Gasakaskuatchimmekak, Os- 

 chekkamegawenenewak, Winnebegosh- 

 ishiwininiwak, Gamiskwakokawinini- 

 wak, Gawababiganikak, Anibiminanisi- 

 biwininiwak, Kahmetahwungaguma, and 

 Rabbit Lake, in Minnesota and the Dako- 

 tas; Oueschekgagamioulimy, Walpole Is- 

 land, 01)idgewong, ]\Iichipicoten, Doki's 

 Band, Bagoache, Epinette (1744), Ouas- 

 ouarini, INIishtawayawininiwak, Nope- 

 ming, andNameuilni, in Ontario; Portage 

 de Prairie, Mattawan, and Pic River in 

 Manitoba; and Nibowisibiwininiwak in 

 Saskatchewan. (.r. m. c. t. ) 



Achipoes.— Prist' de Possession (1G71) in Perrot, 

 M6m., 293, 1.S64. Achipoue.— Neill in Minn. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., v, 398, 1885. Anchipawah.— Boudinot, 

 Star in the West, 126, 1810. An-ish-in-aub-ag.— 

 Warren in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., v, 45, 1885 

 (•sf)ontaneons men' ). A-wish-in-aub-ay. — Ibid., 

 37. Axshissaye-runu. — Gatschet. Wyandot MS., B. 

 A. E.. issi ( \Vyan<i(>t name ). Baouichtigouin.— Jes. 

 Rel. IMO, 31, 185,s. Bawichtigouek,— Ibid., index. 

 Bawichtigouin. — Ibid. Bedzaqetcha. — Petitot, 

 Montagnais MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1869 ('long^ 

 ears' : Tsattine name). Bedzietcho. — Petitot, Hare 

 MS. voeali.. B. A. E., 1869 ( k'awcliodinne name). 

 Bungees.— Henrv, MS. vocal). (Bell copy, B. A. 

 E.), ]S12 (SO called by Hudson Bay traders). 

 Cabellos realzados. — Onro, l)()n Diego dePeiialosa, 

 43, 1S.S2 ( the Kaised-hair tribe of Shea's Penalosa; 

 Cheveux-releve's of the French). Chebois. — 

 Gass, Jour., 47, note, 1807. Chepawas.— Croghan 

 (1759) quoted by Kauffman.West. Penn., 132, app., 

 18.51. Chepeways.— Croghan (1760) in Ma.ss. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., 4th s.,i.\-,2,s7, 1871. Chepowas.— Croghan 

 (17.59) quoted by Proud, Penn., ii, 296, 1798. Chep- 

 pewes. — Shirley (1755) in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist. ,vi, 

 1027, 18.55. Chiappawaws. — Loudon, Coll. Int. Nar., 

 1, 34, 1808. Chibois. — Bouquet (17G0) in Mass. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., 4ths., IX, 295,1871. Chipawawas.— Gold- 

 thwait (1766) in Mass. Hi.st. Soc. Coll., Ists., x, 122, 

 1809. Chipaways.— Croghan (1760), ibid. ,4th s., IX, 

 250,1871. Chipaweighs. — German Flatsconf. (1770) 

 inN.Y. Doe. Col. Hist., VIII, 229, 1S57. Chipewas. — 

 Lattr6, map V. S., 17s4. Chipeways.— Carver (1766) 

 Trav., 19, 1778. Chipeweghs. — Johnson (1763) in 

 N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VII, 526, 18.56. Chipeweighs.— 

 Johnson (1763), ibid. ,.583, 18.56. Chipiwa.— Treaty 

 of 1820, r. S. Ind. Treat., 369, 1873. Chipoes.— Pri.«e 

 de P( isscssic in ( 1671 ) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist. , ix , 803, 



18.55. Chippawas,— Croghan (17.59) quoted by Jef- 

 ferson, Notes, 143, 1825. Chippawees. — Writer of 

 17.56iuMass. Hi.st. Soc. Coll., l.sts.,vii, 123, 1801. 

 Chippeouays. — Tou.ssaint, map of Am., 1839. Chip- 

 pewaes, — Johnson (1763) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 

 VII, 525, 1856. Chippewais.— Perrot (ca. 1721) in 

 Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., ii.pt. 2, 24, 1864. Chippewas. — 

 Washington (1754) quoted by Kauffman, West. 

 Penn., 67, 1851. Chippewaus.— 'Edwards (17.s,s) in 

 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st s.,ix, 92,1804. Chippe- 

 ways. — Chauvignerie (1736) quoted by School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, lil, 556, 1853. Chippeweighs. — 

 Johnson (1767) in N.Y. Doe. Col. Hist., vii, 969, 



18.56. Chippewyse. — Ft John.son conf. (17.55), ibid., 

 VI, 975, 18.55. Chippoways.— Washington (1754) 

 in Mass. Hi.'^t. Soc. Coll., 1st s., vi, 140, 1800. 

 Chippuwas. — Heckewelder quoted by Barton, New 

 Views, app. 1, 1798. Chipwaes,— Croghan (1765) 

 in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vil, 782, 18.56. Chipwas.— 

 Bouquet (1760) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., 



